ሽማግለ ዞባ ኣውሮጳ ዝመርሖ ኣኼባ ንኡስ ዞባ ጀርመንን ጨናፍር ኣውሮጳን ዝተሳተፍዎ ኣኼባ ብ15 መጋቢት 2015 ተኻይዱ። ሓው ብርሃነ ገብረክርስቶስ፡ ኣቦ መንበር ሰዲህኤ ዞባ ኣውሮጳ፡ ንኣኼበኛታት ናይ እንቋዕ ደሓን መጻእኩም መልእኽቲ ድሕሪ ምምሕላፍ፡ ብርክት ዝበሉ ኣባላት ሰልፊ ኣብ'ቲ ኣኼባ ምርካቦም ሓጐሱን ናእዳኡን ገሊጹ።

ኣስዒቡ፡ ኣኼባ ዝተጸውዓሉ ምኽንያት ብዛዕባ ምድላው 2ይ ጕባኤ ሰልፍን ሰፊሕ ፈስቲቫል ኤርትራ 2015 ዝምልከት ገምጋም ምዃኑ ሓቢሩ።

ቅድሚ ናብ'ዚ ኣጀንዳ'ዚ ምእታዉ ግን፡ ብዛዕባ ህልዊ ኵነታት ኤርትራ ኣመልኪቱ፡ መነባብሮ ህዝብና ካብ ዕለት ናብ ዕለት እናበኣሰ ይኸይድ ከምዘሎ ኣብሪሁ። እቲ ስርዓት፡ ኣብ ቤት መኻእ፡ ኣርባዕተ ኣስመራ፡ ጐዳይፍ፡ ጸሎት ኣብ ዓዲቐይሕ ኣባይቲ ከምዘፍረሰ ገሊጹ። ኣብ ዓዲ ቀይሕ፡ ህዝቢ ንብረቱ ንምክልኻል ኣብ ዝገበሮ ተቓውሞ ክሳብ 4 ዝዀኑ ሰባት ከምዝተቐትሉ ዝተፈላለያ ማዕከናት ዜና ክዛረባሉ ምጽንሐን ውን ጠቒሱ።

ብወገና፡ ብዲክታቶርያዊ ስርዓት ኢሳያስ ኣብ ልዕሊ ህዝብና ዝፍጸም ዘሎ ግፍዕታት ምቅላዕን ናይ ህዝብና ኣበያታት ክዓብን ክሕይልን ከይተሓለልና ክንቃለስ ኣሎና ኢሉ። ነዚ ንምርግጋጽ ድማ ሰልፍና ምስ ኵሎም ደለይቲ ፍትሒ ኢድ ንኢድ ተታሓሒዙ ክሰርሕ ድልዊ ምዃኑ ኣረጋጊጹ።

ብዛዕባ ምድላው ጕባኤ ብዝምልከት፡ ንድፊ ፖለቲካዊ መደብ ዕዮ ናብ ኵሎም ኣባላት ዞባ ኣውሮጳ ወሪዱ ኣዝዩ ጠቓሚ ክትዓት ከም እተኻየደን ርእይቶታት ኣባላት ኣብ'ቲ ንድፊ ናብ ኣሰናዳኢት ሽማግለ ከምዝተላእከን ሓቢሩ። ኣብ ንድፊ ፖለቲካዊ መደብ ዕዮ ዝተኻየደ ምይይጥ ብምምጓስ፡ ንንድፊ ቅዋም ውን ብተመሳሳሊ መንፈስ ብዕዙዝ ተኻፋልነት ናይ ኣባላት ብሃነጽቲ ርእይቶታት ምቕራብን ከምዝዛዘም ዘለዎ ተስፋን እምነትን ገሊጹ።

ንፈስቲቫል ኤርትራ 2015 ኣመልኪቱ ድማ፡ ምስ ዝምልከቶም ኣካላት ብምርኻብ መደባት ተሓንጺጹ ናብ ኵለን ጨናፍር ክለኣኽ ምዃኑ ኣብሪሁ። ኣባላት ድማ፡ ኣብ ፈስቲቫል ምድላው ዘለዎም ርእይቶን ለበዋታትን ናብ ኣሰናዳኢት ሽማግለ ፈስቲቫል ክልእኩ ጸዊዑ።

ኣብ መወዳእታ፡ ኣኼበኛታት ኣብ'ቲ ዝቐረበ ዛዕባ ኣገደስቲ ርእይቶታትን ሓሳባትን ብምቕራብን ንስራሕ ዘለዎም ቅሩብነትን ብምግላጽ ኣኸባ ብክብ ዝብለ ፍናን ተዛዚሙ።

Did you watch the recent BBC documentary on Eritrea? Whoever you may be – hater, lover of Isayas and his regime - it is good for you to see it. Not really to watch a “success” story because there is none of that sort in our country temporarily held hostage by PFDJ gang. But it is good to watch the documentary because one can get a clue about how and why nations fail. The ‘how’ part of a nation’s path to failure is concretely provided in the documentary – of course in the clearly noticeable fear, repression and shaken confidence of the people, including the minders watching over BBC’s Yalda Hakim. You better watch or re-watch a YouTube version of the documentary.

But of more interest here is the ‘why’ part in the painful process that leads towards total failure of nations. The documentary does help us where to find the answer: just displayed in the room where Mr. Yemane Ghebreab was interviewed. Look carefully at the BBC screen and you will find the title of a wonderful book on Why Nations Fail. Although one can be amazed to learn that the book is in Mr. Yemane Ghebreab’s book shelf, one can for sure remain assured that this senior political advisor of the Eritrean leader did not yet read a single page out of it.

Why Nations Fail

Yemane Ghebreab’s bookshelf and the unread book

One dare say this because a person who read could have valued that book and its contents and would not dismiss the usefulness of national elections and talk about “a fixation” on “useless” elections. Simply put, he was saying there is no value in democratic participation and inclusiveness, and this will never see the light of the day in PFDJ’s Eritrea.

However, the book, Why Nations Fail, first published in 2012 as authored by MIT economics professor, Daron Acemoglu and Harvard’s political scientist James Robinson, is all about democracy, inclusiveness, freedom and the rule of law that build the right institutions. One of the eloquent reviewers of the book summed the content of the book when he wrote: “It is freedom that makes the world rich”.

It is a review of the past 400 years in the life of nations and why some prosper while others get poorer and poorer. The why, analyzed in the 529 pages of the book, can be captured in this quotation from the book: “Nations fail when they have extractive economic institutions supported by extractive political institutions that impede and even block economic growth”. It is obvious that the thesis is that economic growth and prosperity are associated with inclusive economic and political institutions, while extractive institutions eventually lead to stagnation and poverty a la nostra Eritrea.

In other words, the good authors believe that the choice of institutions – the politics of institutions – is central to our quest for understanding the reasons for the success and failure of nations.

It is asserted that it is inclusive and not extractive institutions that shape the incentives of businesses and individuals: the incentive to be educated, to innovate, and to adopt new ways of doing things.

The book argues that it is not geography, or culture or ignorance of putting down the right policies that matter in the success or failure of nations but freedom. This freedom allows space for “creative destruction” or replacing the old with the new. It allows for the good use of critical junctures – like the (lost) opportunity for change Eritrea had in 2000-2001.

All absolutist and participatory systems that existed in the world (east, west, north, and south, including old Abyssinia) since the historic 1619 Virginia General Assembly of new settlers in America are narrated to tell the story of success or failure of nations. It is a must read book to many, including to Mr. Yemane Ghebreab, who already has it collecting dust in his bookshelf.

       8 መጋቢት መጺኣ መዓልታ ጸብጺባ

       ሃየ ንቀበላ ብዕልልታ ብጨብጨባ

     ክብርቲ መዓልቲ ኢያ ዓወት ዝተረኽባ

     መሰል ጓልኣንስተይቲ ክሕሎ ኣንቂሓ ወዲባ

     ታሪኻዊት ዕለት ኢያ ንበላ መርሓባ

                 እንቋዕ ሓጎሰኪ አርትራዊት ኣደ

                 ዑዙዝ አዩ ሞያኺ አቲ ዝኸበደ

                 መኪትዮ ኩሉ ብሓባር በቢ ሓደ

                   ንድርብ ወጽዓኺ ሸፊኑ ዝጋረደ

                   ንሞያ ቃልስኺ ፍጹም ዝኸሓደ

                     ሃየ መክትዮ ከይመጽእ ዝገደደ

                     መፍትሒ ርኽብሉ ሱር ከይሰድደ

                     ኣሎኪ አዩ ተሞክሮ ዓቢ ግደ

ከይርሳዕ ኩሉ ታሪኽ ጉዑዞኺ

መስዋእቲ ከፊልኪ ሃገር ዝሰራሕኪ

መኣስ ተሪፍኪ ካብ ጎኒ ብጾትኪ

ሰጊርክዮ ኩሉ ባህርያዊ ጸገምኪ

ኤርትራ ትመስክር ኣሎ እንድዩ መቓብርኪ

ንሱ አዩ መንነትኪ መሰረት ሞቦቆልኪ

                         ንመሰልኪ ምቅላስ ሕጂ አውን ቀጽሊ በርትዒ

                     ኣሎና ኣብ ጎድንኺ ኣብ መትከልኪ ጽንዒ

                       ጽረግዮ ኩሉ ጭቆና ግፍዒ                                

                       ኣይተረኽበን ራህዋ ጽላል መጸግዒ

                       ክንደይ ግዜ ድኣ ክትሓዝኒ ክትነብዒ

                       ኤረ ክሳብ ክንደይ ኢኺ ከኩፉኡ ክትሰምዒ

ከይበርስ ሞቦቆልኪ ኣስተውዕልሉ

ባህልኺ ከይበርስ ጥንቃቐ ግበርሉ

ምክብባር ጠፌኡ አዚ ግዜ እንድዕሉ

ናትኪ ግደ አዩ ኮፍ ኢልኪ ዘትዩሉ

ይደልድል ሓድነትኪ ጻማ ክትረኽብሉ

ኣርሒቂ ጠምቲ ንቕሓት ወስኹሉ

           ኣንቲ የዋህ ኣደ ወላዲት ኩሉ

           ኩርኳሕ አያ ዓለም ንስኺ ዘይብሉ

         ንጡሙይ ተዔንግሊ ሽግሩ ትፈትሕሉ

         ንሓጎስ ተዕልሊ ንሑዙን ትበኽይሉ

         ሰፊሕ አዩ ሞያኺ ቃላት ሲኢነሉ

         ክቡር ህያብ አዩ ዘይርከብ ብቐሊሉ

እወ ንስኺ ወላድት ጀጋኑ

ንዓለም ዝፈረኺ በቢ አዋኑ

መብራህቲ ገዛ ንኹሉ ዘዕነኑ

ንስኺ ዘይብሉ ስድራ ይተርፍ ተበቲኑ ።

       8 መጋቢት ዓለም ለኻዊ መዓልቲ ደቂ ኣንስትዮ

       ንዘላኣለም ከቢራ ትንበር

ካብ ዘርኤ ትርፈ ስያትል

 

ThreeWomenOrganisations

ዓለም ለኻዊት መዓልቲ ደቂ-ኣንስትዮ 8 መጋቢት

ኣንጻር ድርብ ወጽዓ ዝወላዕኪ ክርቢት

ጸረ ድሑር ባህሊ ተባዕታዊ ትዕቢት

መሰል ደቂ-ኣንስትዮ ማዕርነታዊ ብጽሒት

ቈሪጻ ነቐለት ከተመዝግብ ዓወት።

 

           ኤርትራዊት ኣደ‘ውን ከም ኩለን ኣሓታ

           ንኹሉ በደላት ብወግዒ ጠሚታ

           ምውዳብ ጀመረት ንለውጢ ኣሚታ

           ክትብጆ መደበት ከተወፊ ሂወታ

          ሜዳ ተሰለፈት ምስ ኩሎም ኣሕዋታ።

ግደ ኤርትራዊት ኣሎዎ ሓለፋ

ንኩሉ ክትብድህ ክብራ ዝገፈፋ

ሃገር ተረሚሳ ከየርኣየት ሓለፋ

ውልቃዊ ሕቶኣ ድሕሪት ኣወንዚፋ

ንቃልሲ ወሰነት ንብረታ ገዲፋ።

 

           ኣብ ክንዲ ትሕንቅቕ ኣብ ክንዲ ትስለም

           ኣብ ክንዲ ዝፈሪ እቲ ከርሳ ለምለም

           ፍትሒ ሓሪሙዋ ኣብዛ ጠላም ዓለም

           መሰላ ክግፈፍ ክትርሳዕ ክትጥለም

           ንቃልሲ ወሰነት ብዘይቃልዓለም።

ኤርትራዊት ኣደ ካብ ኩለን ዝያዳ

ብውሽጢ ብደገ ወጽዓ ዝኸበዳ

ሕሰም ከቢዱዋ ተሰኪማ ማዳ

ኣብ ጐደና ክርሸን ዝረኣየት ውላዳ

ጨኪና ወሰነት ንቃልሲ ናብ ሜዳ።

 

           ንሜዳ ወጺኣ ምስ ኩሎም ኣሕዋታ

           ምንም ከይዓንቀፋ ባህርያዊ ፍጥረታ

           ንኩሉ በዲሃ ሓቦ ተቐኒታ

           ካኪ ዘራፍ በለት ኣብ ልዕሊ ጸላእታ

           መስተንክር ሰሪሓ በጀወት ህይወታ።

ሞያኺ ብዙሕ‘ዩ ክንደይለ ክዝርዝር

ዝወዓለ ይንገር ናይ ዓይኒ ምስክር

ፈልፋሊ ተኣምር ኣውዒሉ ዘሕድር

ዓለም ዝደገፎም ሓያላት ዘሕፍር

ሓበን‘ዩ ንዓና ብስምኪ ክንፍክር።

 

           እንታይ‘ለ ክሰምያ ኤርትራዊት ጅግና

           ጀለብያ ደርብያ ቁምጣ ተኸዲና

           ጐዳጉድ ገዝኣ ሓመድ ዝኽዳና

           ምኩሓት ተቃጽል ባርዕ ረመጽ ኮይና

           ንታሪኽ ተበጅያ በጃ ህዝቢ ኮይና።

ሓደራ እናበለት እወ ህይወታ ሓሊፋ

ኣለኹ እናበለት ከይቈረጸት ተስፋ

ምእንቲ ማዕርነት ዘይብላ ሓለፋ

ህዝባ ክሓልፈሉ ንሳ ተቐዚፋ

ኣይዓብያን‘ዩ ፍጹም ክሰምያ ሓለፋ።

 

           ሳላ ጀግንነትኪ በጺሕና ናብ ዓወት

           ህዝቢ ክርህዎ ኣብ ርጉእ ነጻነት

           ሃገሩ ክሃንጽ ክምርሽ ናብ ዓወት

           በቲ ፍቱን ዓቕሙ ከይመርጽ ብቑዓት

           ኣዘንጊዑና ግን እዚ ጠላም ስርዓት።

ንፍትሒ ንመሰል መስዋእቲ ከፊልኪ

ኣብ ንኡስ ዕድሜኺ ዘይምሱል መሲልኪ

ሕሰም ተጻዊርኪ ነጻነት ዘምጻእኪ

ናይ ስዉእ ሕድሪ ብተግባር ፈጺምኪ

ብዕራይ ጠነሰ‘ዩ ሎሚ ክሓስመኪ።

 

           እዛ ሓላል ሃገር ዓድ‘ዞም ጀጋኑ

           መንፈስ ኣይቅበሎን ብደቃ ክትዓኑ

           ኣላጊጾሙልና ሕቡኣት ገዋኑ

           ግዜ ድዩ በዲሉ ፍትሒ ተሳኢኑ

           ወይስ ሓጥያትና‘ዩ በዚሑ ሓሊፉ ዓቐኑ።

ሕጂ‘ሞ በዚሑ መሊኡ‘ቲ መስፈር

ሃገርና ክትዓኑ ህዝብና ክሽገር

ህንጥሾ ዝበለ ብቓጻ ክእሰር

ተካኢ ወለዶ ክጥንጥና ሃገር

ነዚ እናረአኻ‘ዶ ደቂስካ ይሕደር።

 

           ሃገር ተረሚሳ ንቑልቁል ትጸድፍ

           ብዘየሎ ይልፍልፍ ስርዓት ህግደፍ

           ዓለም ዝኸዓቦ ታሪኽና ዘጐድፍ

           ኣብ ክንዲ ዝእረም ስርሑ ዘጽፍፍ

           እንሆ ቀሪቡ ክጽጣሕ ኣብ ጐድፍ።

ምናዳ ምናዳ ሃማድአ ህግደፍ

ግልብጭ ዝቝነና ውላደን ክቕዘፍ

ንሓቂ ቀቢረን ዘብዝሓ ዓዘፍዘፍ

ምንም ዘይስቈረን ሬሳታት ክግፈፍ

ምሕረት የውርደለን ካብዚ ሕማም መንደፍ።

 

           ኤርትራዊት ኣደ ሕልሉፍ‘ዩ ወጽዓኺ

           ምእንቲ ነጻነት ዝፈሰሰ ደምኪ

           ክርህወኪ ዝግባእ ክቐስን ህይወትኪ

           ኣብ ዘይሓሰብክዮ ባርነት ወዲቕኪ

          መተካእታ የለን ኣልዕሊ ቅልጽምኪ።

ይሓይሽ ዝበልክዮ ኮይኑ ዝገደደ

ኣካልኪ ዝመስል ጓና ምስ ሓንገደ

መንእሰይ ቀቢጹ ንስደት ካብ ከደ

ሕልና ዘለዎ ንማሕዩር ካብ ተፈርደ

እንታይ ክመጽእ ካብዚ ዝገደደ።

 

           እቲ እንኮ ፍታሕ ተሪፉና ዘሎ

           ዕላማ ቃልስና ዘይተዛዘመ ውዕሎ

          ሕድሪ ስዉኣትና ከይሃሰሰ ከሎ

          ነዚ ከዳዕ ስርዓት ካብ ሱሩ ክንነቕሎ

          ንህዝብና ነድሕን ከይጸነተ ከሎ።

ኣባኽን ክሰግር ኣብዘን ተጋደልቲ

ብጾታ ብወጽዓ ሰሚርክን ኣብ ሓንቲ

ተብዕላ ዘሎኽን ኣብዛ ሎም መዓልቲ

ናይ ልዝብ ኣብነት ናይ ራህዋ መብራህቲ

ምስጋና ይብጻሕክን ካብዞም ተቓወምቲ።

 

           ሰጉማ ቀጽላ ንድሕነት ሃገርና

           ሰላም ከነንግስ ክንነብር ቀሲንና

           ዓሌት ይኹን ጾታ ዕድመ ከይፈለና

           ባርነት ክቕንጠጥ ክምለስ ክብርና

           ንለውጢ ንበገስ ብሓደ ሓቢርና።

ሰዓብቲ ህግደፍ ዓይንኹም ኣግፍሑ

ሃገር እናጠፍአት ብልምዓት ትነብሑ

ኣብ ባይታ ዘየሎ ሓሶታት ትነዝሑ

ዲክታቶር ክዓኑ‘ዩ ሓጢኣቱ በዚሑ

ጽባሕ ከይሓስመኩም ሎሚ ተናስሑ።

 

           ተለዓል ውጹዕ ዳግማይ ተበራበር

           መሓውር ህግደፍ ክድርቀም ክስበር

           መከራ ከብቅዕ ኣብ ልምዓት ክሳገር

           ዕግሽግሽ ገዲፍና ንፍታሕ ንማኸር

           ኣብ ናይ ቃልሲ መስርሕ ኩልና ንጠመር።

ዓወት ንፍትሓዊ ቃልስና ብሓባር ምስ ደቀ-ንስትዮና!

ዘለኣለማዊ ክብርን ዝኽርን ንሰማእታትና

ውድቀት ንስርዓት ህግደፍ

         ብዓንደጽዮን ግርማይ:

                     ካሰል (ጀርመን)

                  

        8 መጋቢት መጺኣ መዓልታ ጸብጺባ

       ሃየ  ንቀበላ  ብዕልልታ  ብጨብጨባ

     ክብርቲ መዓልቲ ኢያ ዓወት ዝተረኽባ

     መሰል ጓልኣንስተይቲ ክሕሎ ኣንቂሓ ወዲባ

     ታሪኻዊት ዕለት ኢያ ንበላ መርሓባ

                  እንቋዕ ሓጎሰኪ አርትራዊት ኣደ

                  ዑዙዝ አዩ ሞያኺ አቲ ዝኸበደ

                  መኪትዮ ኩሉ ብሓባር በቢ ሓደ

                   ንድርብ ወጽዓኺ ሸፊኑ ዝጋረደ

                    ንሞያ ቃልስኺ ፍጹም ዝኸሓደ

                     ሃየ መክትዮ ከይመጽእ ዝገደደ

                      መፍትሒ ርኽብሉ ሱር ከይሰድደ

                      ኣሎኪ አዩ ተሞክሮ ዓቢ ግደ

 ከይርሳዕ ኩሉ ታሪኽ ጉዑዞኺ

 መስዋእቲ ከፊልኪ ሃገር ዝሰራሕኪ

መኣስ ተሪፍኪ ካብ ጎኒ ብጾትኪ

ሰጊርክዮ ኩሉ ባህርያዊ ጸገምኪ

ኤርትራ ትመስክር ኣሎ እንድዩ መቓብርኪ

ንሱ አዩ መንነትኪ መሰረት ሞቦቆልኪ

                         ንመሰልኪ ምቅላስ ሕጂ አውን ቀጽሊ በርትዒ

                        ኣሎና ኣብ ጎድንኺ ኣብ መትከልኪ ጽንዒ

                         ጽረግዮ ኩሉ ጭቆና ግፍዒ                                  

                        ኣይተረኽበን ራህዋ ጽላል መጸግዒ

                         ክንደይ ግዜ ድኣ ክትሓዝኒ ክትነብዒ

                        ኤረ ክሳብ ክንደይ ኢኺ ከኩፉኡ ክትሰምዒ

ከይበርስ ሞቦቆልኪ ኣስተውዕልሉ

ባህልኺ ከይበርስ ጥንቃቐ ግበርሉ

ምክብባር ጠፌኡ አዚ ግዜ እንድዕሉ

ናትኪ ግደ አዩ ኮፍ ኢልኪ ዘትዩሉ

ይደልድል ሓድነትኪ ጻማ ክትረኽብሉ

ኣርሒቂ ጠምቲ ንቕሓት ወስኹሉ

           ኣንቲ  የዋህ ኣደ ወላዲት ኩሉ

           ኩርኳሕ አያ ዓለም ንስኺ ዘይብሉ

          ንጡሙይ ተዔንግሊ ሽግሩ ትፈትሕሉ

         ንሓጎስ ተዕልሊ ንሑዙን ትበኽይሉ

         ሰፊሕ አዩ ሞያኺ ቃላት ሲኢነሉ

         ክቡር ህያብ አዩ ዘይርከብ ብቐሊሉ

እወ ንስኺ ወላድት ጀጋኑ

ንዓለም ዝፈረኺ በቢ አዋኑ

መብራህቲ ገዛ ንኹሉ ዘዕነኑ

ንስኺ ዘይብሉ ስድራ ይተርፍ ተበቲኑ ።

        8 መጋቢት ዓለም ለኻዊ መዓልቲ ደቂ ኣንስትዮ

       ንዘላኣለም ከቢራ ትንበር

ካብ ዘርኤ ትርፈ ስያትል

Sunday, 15 March 2015 06:03

Radio ERENA Interview on Women's Day P. II

Written by

Messrs Zeid Ra’ad al-Hussein and Antonio Guterres, High Commissioners for Human Rights and refugees, respectively, held a joint public meeting in the evening hours of 12 March in Geneva in which they warned all repressive regimes in the world to be mindful of what they are doing now because the sword of law will always hang over their heads until “justice is done”. They referred to Syria and many other notorious refugee producing regions of the world but failed to mention Eritrea and dictator Isayas Afeworki by name.

UNHCR OfficialsUN High Commissioners al Hussein of Jordan and Guterres of Portugal talking to public in Geneva

Held at the UN General Assembly hall in Geneva with over 1,000 people attending, the public meeting was moderated by CNN’s Christiane Amanpour. The theme of the meeting was “leadership challenges in a world in turmoil”.

High Commissioner Guterres said the world now has 51 million refugees and displaced people, a figure that was reached only during World War II. He said “people move (out of home) only because they are desperate” and know well that there are high risks like death in the Mediterranean Sea.

Mr. al-Hussein said he was heartbroken by the magnitude of suffering of peoples but promised victims that “total impunity will not be allowed” anywhere and at any time in the future.  

Both UN officials stressed that resources are declining at a time when the needs for refugees are sky-rocketing everywhere.

Some Eritreans, including Dr. Daniel Rezene, democracy activist, and Woldeyesus Ammar of EPDP, attended the meeting but could not obtain access to the mic at the event crowded mainly by students from the post-graduate institute for higher studies in Geneva which organized the debate together with the Sergio Viera de Mello Foundation. The late Sérgio Vieira de Mello was a Brazilian United Nations diplomat who was killed in Iraq in 2003. He worked for the UN for more than 34 years, earning respect and praise around the world for his efforts in the humanitarian and political programs of the UN. He was posthumously awarded a United Nations Prize in the Field of Human Rights in 2003.