ኩነታት ሰብኣዊ መሰል ኤርትራ እንደጋና ንኣፍሪቃ ኮነ ኩሎም ወገናት ዘሻቕል ተረኽቦ ምዃኑ ኣብ መበል 37 ርክብ ባይቶ ሰብኣዊ መሰል ውድብ ሕቡራት ሃገራት ኣብ ጀነቫ ተዘሪብሉ። ኣብዚ ናይ 12ን 14ን መጋቢት 2018 ርክብ ጉዳይ ኤርትራ ዝምልከት ውዑይ ክትዕ ተኻይዱ። እዚ ክትዕ’ዚ መቐጸልታ ናይቲ ብ26 ለካቲት 2018 ዝተኻየደ እዩ። ጉዳይ ሰብኣዊ መሰል ኤርትራ ዕዙዝ ኣገዳስነት ብምሃብ ብ12 መጋቢት ምስተዘርበሉ ኣብ ናይ 14 መጋቢት ክርብ ከኣ ማዕረ ኩነታት ሰሜን ኮርያ ተላዒሉ።

ወይዘሮ ኬት ጊልሞረ ምክትል ኮሚሽነር ቤት ጽሕፈት ላዕለዋይ ኮሚሽን ሕቡራት ሃገራት ጉዳይ ሰብኣዊ መሰል፡ ኣብታ ብደረጃ ዓለም ዝተሓተ ናጽነት ዘለዋ ኤርትራ ሓደገኛ ግህሰት መሰረታዊ ሰብኣዊ መሰል ቀጻሊ ምህላዉ ዘመልክተ ጸብጻበን ኣቕሪበን። ውይዘሮ ሸይላ ኪታሩዝ ኣብ ሕቡራት ሃገራት ክኢላ ኣብ ጉዳይ ኤርትራ ብወገነን፡ ኣብ ዘቕረበኦ ናይ ቃል ጸብጻብ ከኣ፡ ኤርትራ ንእተካይዶ “ማእሰርቲ ክሳብ ሞት” ጠቒሰን ሓደገኛ ክብላ ጠቒሰነኣ። ኣብዚ ጸብጻበን ነቶም ኣብዚ ቀረባ ግዜ ኣብ መበል 93 ዓመት ዕድሚኦም ኣብ ቤት ማእሰርቲ ኤርትራ ዝዓረፉ ሓጂ ሙሳ ከም ናይ ቀረባ ግዜ ግዳይ ዘኪረንኦም። ኣብዚ ኣጋጣሚ ኣፍሪቃዊ ኮሚሽን ሰብኣዊ መስል’ውን ብዛዕባቲ ኣብ ኤርትራ ካብ ነዊሕ ግዜ ጀሚሩ ክካየድ ዝጸንሓ ግህሰታት ናይ ሕብረት ኣፍሪቃ ዓሚቕ ስኽፍታ ገሊጹ። ኣተሓሒዙ ከኣ ኤርትራ ኩሉ ሰብኣውን ፖለቲካውን መሰላት ዝሕለወሎም ከባብያውን ዓለም ለኻውን ሕግታት ከተኽብር ጸዊዑ። ካለኦት ኣብቲ ርክብ ዝነበሩ’ውን ኣብ ኩነታት ሰብኣዊ መሰል ኤርትራ ዘለዎም ስኽፍታታት ገሊጾም።

ወይዘሮ ጊልሞር ኣብዚ ናይ መበል 37 ርክብ ኮሚሽን ሰብኣዊ መሰል፡ ኣብቲ ናይ 14 መጋቢት ክፋል እውን ኣብ ኤርትራ ኣልማማ ማእሰርቲ ወሲኽካ ኩሉ ግህሰታታት ድሕሪቲ ኣብ መወዳእታ ጸብጻብ ቤት ጽሕፈት ላዕለዋይ ኮሚሽ ጉዳይ ሰብኣዊ መሰል ምቕራቡ’ውን ከም ንቡር ኩነታት ይቕጽል ከም ዘሎ ጠቒሰን። ንሰን ልኡኽ ቤት ጽሕፈት ላዕለዋይ ኮሚሽን ጉዳይ ሰብኣዊ መሰል ኣብ ዝሓለፈ ወርሒ ጥቅምቲ ን4ይ ግዜ ኣብ ኣስመራ ከም ዝነበረ ጠቒሰን፡ እቲ ልኡኽ እቲ ብ2016 ዝቐረበ ጸብጻብ መርማሪ ኣካል ጉዳይ ሰብኣዊ መሰል ኤርትራ ከም ዝቕጽል ምግባሩ መተካእታ ከምዘይብሉ ከም ዝተረደ ሓቢረን። ኣብዚ ርክብ ካልእ ተገዳስነት ዝተዋህቦ ጉዳይ ሰሜን ኮርያ ነይሩ።

ወይዘሮ ጊልሞረ ኣብቲ ንኤርትራ ዝምልከት ዘረባአን፡ ኣገዳስነት ፍትሒ፡ ጠጠው ምባል ገደብ ዘየብሉ ግዱድ ውትህድርና፡ ምፍታሕ እሱራትን ትግባረ ቅዋምን ዝብሉ ጉዳያት’ውን ኣልዒለን። ኣስዒበን ዋላ’ኳ ውሳነ ኮሚሽን ሰብኣዊ መሰል መንግስቲ ኤርትራ ንእሱራት ብዝምልከት፡ ንመንነቶምን ዘለዉዎ ሃለዋትን ብዝምልከት ሓበሬታ ከቕርብ ሓቲቱ እንተነበረ ክሳብ ሕጂ ከምዘይተተግብረ ገሊጸን።

ልኡኽ ኤርትራ ከምቲ ልሙድ ንጸብጻብ ቤት ጽሕፈት ላዕለዋይ ኮሚሽን ጉዳይ ሰብኣዊ መሰል ክሒዱ። ብኣንጻሩ መንግስቱ ሰብኣዊ መሰል ዜጋታት ከኽብር ድልዊ ምዃኑን ነዚ ንምዕዋት ከም ዝጽዕትን ገሊጹ።

ብሓፈሻ ኣብቲ ርክብ ቃሎም ዘስምዑ ተዛረብቲ ብደረጃ ዓለም እንዳንቆልቆለ ይኸይድ ብዛዕባ ዘሎ ኩነታት ሰብኣዊ መሰል ኣንጸባሪቖም። ኣተሓሒዞም ጋዜጠኛታት፡ ተቓወምቲ ፖለቲከኛታን ተሓለቕቲ ኩሉ መሰላትን ንምስቓይ ዝካየድ ዘሎ ወስታታት ብምጥቃስ፡ ነዚታት ዝምልከቱ ናይ ሕቡራት ሃገራት ሕግታት ኣብ ግብሪ ንክውዕሉ ጸዊዖም። ነዚ ብዝምልከት ንኩነታት ኤርትራ ወሲኽካ ብመርማሪ ኮሚሽን ጉዳይ ኤርትራ ቅድሚ ሕጂ ንገበን ኣብ ልዕሊ ሰብኣዊ መሰላት ዝምልከት ጸብጻባት ከም ዝቐረበ’ውን ኣብቲ ርክብ ተጠቒሱ።

እዚ መበል 37 ርክብ ካብ ግዱሳት ተሳተፍቲ ናይ ቃል ጸብጻብ ዝቐርበሉ ናይ ማእከላይ ግዜ መድረኽ እዩ። እቲ ቀንዲ ናይ ጽሑፍ ጸብጻባት ዝቐርበሉን ውሳነታት ዝውሰነሉን ርክብ ኣብ መጻኢ ወርሓት ሰነ-ሓምለ ክካየድ እዩ። ኣብዚ እዋንዚ ብጉዳይ ሰብኣዊ መሰል ዝግደሱ ኤርትራውያን ንጡፋት ምስቲ ወይዘሮ ሸይላ ኪታሩዝ ካብ ሓላፍነተን ክወርዳ ምዃነን ምምልኻተን ብዛዕባ መጻኢ ዕድል ናይቲ ብሕቡራት ሃገራት ዝቖመ ንሰብኣዊ መሰል ኤርትራ ዝምልከት ኣካል ዘሰክፎም ዘሎ እዩ። መንግስቲ ኤርትራን ሰዓብቱን ከኣ እዚ ኣካል ክፈርስ እዮም ዝደፍኡ።

The Enhanced Interactive Dialogue on Eritrea at the UN headquarters in Geneva on 12 March heard speeches of many prominent experts and representatives of various organizations and member countries as part of the 37th Session of the UN Human Rights Council.

Ms Kate Gilmore, the Deputy Commissioner of the UN Office of High Commissioner for Human Rights, urged the Eritrean regime" to immediately release all those unlawfully and arbitrarily detained and fully respect their right to a fair trial; and to provide information on the whereabouts of disappeared persons and access to justice by family members". She also had to talk on the unchanging situation in Eritrea and North Korea on 14 March. Printed below is the full text of her speech on 12 March.

***   

Mr. President, Distinguished delegates, Ladies and gentlemen: In recent years, OHCHR has engaged in dialogue with and provided technical assistance to the Government of Eritrea, including during a mission to Asmara, in October 2017.  I will further elaborate on this engagement in an oral update, on Wednesday 14 March.

Today, however, I will focus on the human rights situation in Eritrea.

Since the Council’s last deliberations on this important question, in June 2017, our Office has continued to receive reports of severe curtailment of human rights in Eritrea.

In the past year, we have received worrying allegations of restrictions of freedom of religion, including allegations of arrests of over 100 persons practicing religions not officially recognized by the State, as well as the suppression of a protest outside an Islamic school after its 93 year old founder was arrested for opposing the takeover of the school by the State.  The man died two weeks ago, after he was released from detention.

It remains difficult for us to verify such allegations and to assess the human rights situation in Eritrea given our restricted access to the country and the absence of independent actors - whether media, NGOs or others - to monitor and report on the situation inside the country.

This Council, as well as the Special Rapporteur on the situation of human rights on Eritrea and the Commission of Inquiry on Eritrea, have repeatedly called on the Government to allow human rights defenders and independent civil society organizations to operate without interference, and to permit independent human rights monitors unhindered access to the country, including to places of detention.  I reiterate this call today.

In 2016, the Commission of Inquiry on Eritrea found reasonable grounds to believe that crimes against humanity, namely, enslavement, imprisonment, enforced disappearance, torture, other inhumane acts, persecution, rape and murder, had been committed since 1991. The Commission noted that despite the State’s increased engagement with the international community, there was no evidence of progress in the field of human rights.

I regret to report that this state of affairs remains unchanged.

The Commission’s 2016 findings on extensive use of arbitrary arrest and detention remain relevant. Detainees are very rarely brought before a judge after arrest or tried, which enables enforced disappearance and the use of torture.  We urge Eritrea to immediately release all those unlawfully and arbitrarily detained and fully respect their right to a fair trial; and to provide information on the whereabouts of disappeared persons and access to justice by family members.

The fear of arbitrary arrest and incommunicado detention curtails freedom of expression, leaving no room for dissent or criticism. There is still no privately-owned media outlets, with the Government controlling the Eritrean TV channel, radio stations and the written press. In its 2017 World Press Freedom Index and Reporters Without Borders ranked Eritrea 179 out of 180 countries; and in 2015, the Committee to Protect Journalists ranked it as the most censored country in the world. The 2017 Information and Communication Technology development index compiled by the International Telecommunication Union ranked Eritrea last of 176 countries.

Eritreans continue to be subjected to indefinite military/national service. Conscripts are drafted for an open-ended duration of service beyond the 18 months provided for by law, often in abusive conditions, which include the use of torture, sexual violence and forced labour. Those who attempt to desert military service, often after years of conscription, are subjected to detention and punishment often amounting to torture, without an administrative or judicial proceeding. Given the abuses that occur in the context of the national service, the idea that this system is instrumental in addressing youth unemployment is abhorrent. We urge Eritrea to bring its national service in line with the country’s international human rights obligations.

Eritrea’s Constitution of 1997 has never been in full force, and we urge the Government to implement it without further delay.  Further,  the Government must introduce serious efforts to address impunity and hold those responsible for past and ongoing human rights violations to account.

OHCHR welcomes the Government’s increased engagement with the United Nations, including OHCHR, as well as with regional organizations and donors. We hope that this growing cooperation with international actors will lead to concrete steps to address human rights concerns. 

During its second UPR in February 2014, Eritrea made important commitments, supporting 92 recommendations on issues ranging from social equality and development to liberties and freedoms; administration of justice to strengthening institutions and international engagement and cooperation. The Government has established a coordinating body to design a plan and framework for action (2015-2018) to implement the recommendations it accepted.

Implementing these commitments would be a good starting point for reform in Eritrea and means significant strides could made towards addressing its alarming human rights record.

Until then, human rights violations will continue to fuel a steady stream of asylum seekers from Eritrea. I must emphasize that UNHCR’s assessment of Eritrean asylum-seekers’ protection needs has remain unchanged since 2011.  Some six years later, in June 2017, the Special Rapporteur on Eritrea advised this Council that there can be “no sustainable solution to the refugee outflows until the Government complies with its human rights obligations.” In their efforts to address migration and the situation of Eritrean refugees, I would also appeal to receiving countries to respect human rights and the principle of non-refoulement.  Currently, the conditions do not exist for return agreements to be implemented safely.

Finally, I reiterate our calls for the Government to cooperate with the mandate of the Special Rapporteur on Eritrea and take into account the important recommendations she and the Commission of Inquiry have made to improve the human rights situation in the country.

Thank you.

The human rights situation in Eritrea is again discussed as a problem of "very grave concern" to everybody, including to Africa, at the 37th Session of the UN Human Rights Council currently holding meetings in Geneva. So far, Eritrea was hotly debated on 12 March and again on 14 March with more talks to follow during this Session started on 26 February and due to continue till 23 March 2018. The rare privilege of Enhanced Interactive Dialogue on Eritrea took place on 12 March, and the problem was again at the Session on 14 March alongside North Korea.

This is a must listen clip to all concerned: ttp://webtv.un.org/watch/enhanced-id-sr-on-human-rights-in-eritrea-30th-meeting-37th-regular-session-human-rights-council/5749738297001/

Ms. Kate Gilmore, the Deputy High Commissioner of the UN Office of the High Commissioner for Human Rights (OHCHR), reported the continuation of "severe urtailment" of all basic rights in Eritrea, which among the "most least free" countries of the world.   Ms. Sheila Keetharuth, the UN expert on Eritrea, presented her oral report describing Eritrea as a notorious state keeping :its detainees until death", and mentioned the death of the 93-year old Haj Mussa as the latest one in this sad list. Even the African Commission for Human and Peoples Rights was at hand to express the African Union's "deep concern" of what has been going in Eritrea since a long time. He called on the Asmara regime to start respecting regional and international instruments on peoples political and human rights. Many other speakers lamented the unchanging human rights situation in Eritrea.

Again speaking at the 37th Session of the Human Rights Council (HRC) on 14 March, Ms. Gilmore reiterated that gross violations of human rights in Eritrea like arbitrary detention are "still the norm" in that country where nothing has changed since OHCHR's last updates to the Council.

She said a delegation of the OHCHR was in Asmara for the fourth time last October and had to conclude once more that the only option remaining is to keep alive "the findings of the 2016 Commission of Inquiry on human rights in Eritrea". Her other topmost concern was the situation in North Korea.

Ms Gilmore said the issues raised with the Asmara authorities included access to justice, ending the indefinite national service, release of people who were arbitrary detained, and enacting a constitution. She added, "Though the [HRC] resolution requested the Government to provide the Office of the High Commissioner for Human Rights with information on the identity and whereabouts of all detained persons, this information had not been provided"  till now.

The Eritrean delegate as usual denied the OHCHR report and instead claimed that the regime is "committed to protecting the human rights of its citizens and efforts had been invested to address existing challenges".  

In the general debate, speakers voiced concern over deteriorating human rights situations across the world and called for implementation of relevant UN resolutions, further stressing that "the persecution and silencing of journalists, political opposition members, and rights defenders remained serious concerns in many countries," of course including in Eritrea, where widespread perpetration of crimes against humanity was reported by the UN Commission of Inquiry on human rights in Eritrea.

The 37th HRC Session is a mid-term event receiving oral reports from all concerned. The main Session for written reports and decisions will be held in June-July this year. Eritrean human rights activists are deeply concerned about the fate of the UN Human Rights Rapporteur because Ms Sheila Keetharuth is intending to resign at a time when the Eritrean regime and its supporters are pushing to dissolve the mandate.

ኣብዚ ቀረባ ሰሙናት፡ ካብ ሰብዓታት ኣትሒዛ መሓዛ ቃልሲ ህዝቢ ኤርትራ ዝነበረትን ዘላን ሽወደናዊት ጋዜጠኛ፡ ክርስቲና ብዮርክ፡ ብቛንቋ ሽወደን ንኤርትራ እትምልከት መጽሓፍ (Christina Björk, ERITREA: En klassisk afrikansk diktator tog över.www.themisforlag.se. ኤርትራ፡ ክላሲካዊ ኣፍሪቃዊ ዲክታተር ኣብ ትሕቲ ምልኩ ኣእትዩዋ)፣ ጽሒፋስ ከንብባ ዕድል ረኺበ፤ ንዝነበረኒ ተረድኦታት ዘራጒድ ሓሳባት እውን ረኺበ። እታ መጽሓፍ ክሪስትና ምስ ገዳይም ተጋደልቲ ተሓኤን ህግን ኣብ ዘካየደቶ ቃለ-መሕተት ዝተመርኮሰት እያ። ሓደ ካብኣቶም ሓው መስፍን ሓጐስ ኮይኑ እቲ ምስኡ ዝተገብረ ቃለ-መሕተት ብታሕሳስ 2015 ኢዩ ኔሩ።

ኣብ ናይ 10 መጋቢት 2018 Meskerem.net፡ ካብቲ ተደጋጋሚ "ገለጻታት" ሓውና ዶር. ገብረ ገብረማርያም ነዚ ዝስዕብ ቃላት ኣንቢበ፡- "ከምቲ ሓደሓደ መራሕቲ ክብሉና ዝፍትኑ (ብናይ መንግስቲ ኢትዮጵያ ጽቡቕ ድሌት ኢዩ ናጽነት ተረኺቡ ብዘስምዕ፡ “መንግስቲ ኢትዮጵያ ኣብ 1991/93 ኣፍልጦ ኣይህብን ኢየ እንተዝብል ነይሩ፡ ናጽነት ኣይምተረኽበን፡ ወዘተ”፡ እንዳተባህለ ዝጋማዳሕ ናይ ጥዑሳት ዘረባታት) ዘይኮነስ፡ ህዝቢ ኤርትራ ተቓሊሱ ኤርትራዊ መንነትን ናጻ ሃገርን ፈጢሩ ኢዩ። "ደድሕሪ ኣድጊ ዝኸደ …… ኣድጊ ለመደ ከምዝብሃል ከኣ፡ ቅድሚ ገለ መዓልታት ሓውና ክብሮም ግረነት ከምዚ ዝስዕብ ጽሒፉ፡ "...ወያኔ ንህግ ብ1991 ነቶም ካልኦት ውድባት ከምዝሳተፉ ክገብር ከገድዶ ነይሩዎ ክብል ዝመደሮ፡ ነጻነት ብለመና ወያኔ ዝመጸት ገይሩ ስለዝርድኦ እዩ። እንተኾነ መግዛእታዊ ሓይሊ ብዘይ ውዑልን፡ ወዓል ሕደር ኣውያት እናገበረ እዩ ንኤርትራ ገዲፉ እግረይ ኣውጽኢኒ እናበለ ንሱዳን ዝኣተወ።"

ኣይፋልካን ሓው ገብረ፡ ቅድሚ ሕጂ፡ እቲ ካብ ሓቅን ካብ እሩም ኣቀራርባን ዝረሓቐ ጽሑፋትካ ኣደንጽዩኒ  "ኣይበዝሐንዶ ሕጅስ!" ዝብል ሓጺር ዓንቀጽ ጽሒፈ ነይረ። ሕጂ ዘጽሕፈኒ ዘሎ ከኣ ብጒዳይ ናጽነት ሃገር ኣልዒልካ ብዘይመንገዱ ሰብ ክትከስስ ከሎኻ፡ ንገለ ግሩሃት ከይተጋጊ ብማለት እየ።

እቶም "ሓደ-ሓደ መራሕቲ" እትብሎምን፡ ንናጽነት ሃገር ዘይደልዩ፡ "ናይ ጥዑሳት ዘረባ ዘገማድሑ" ኢልካ  እትዝልፎምን  እትኸሶምን ዘሎኻ  ሰባት፡ እዚ ኣገላልጻኻ  ዘይምልከቶም ናይ ሎሚ መሪሕነት ሰዲህኤ ዘሎዉ ምዃኖም ርዱእ ኢዩ። ንኣብነት እዚ ብተደጋጋሚ እተልዕሎ ዘሎኻ (ብሓው ክብሮም ግረነት'ውን እተደግመ) ገለጻኻ ንሓው ወልደሱስ ዓማር ከምዝኾነ ዝከታተል ኩሉ ዝፈልጦ ኢዩ። ሓው ወልደሱስ ኣብ ፓልቶክ ኮነ ኣብዛ ኣብ ታሕቲ ብምልእታ ሰፊራ ዘላ ዓንቀጽ፡ ከምዚ ዝስዕብ ኢዩ ኢሉ፡ "እወ፡ መሬት ኤርትራ ብምልኡ --ብዘይካ ባድመ-- ነጻ ወጺኡ። ግንከ፡ ወተሃደራዊ ዓወት ንበይኑ እኹል ኣይነበረን።   ልኡላዊት ሃገር ምእዋጅን ብዓለም-ለኸ ተፈላጥነት (international  recognition)ናይ   ምርካብን ጒዕዞ ጌና ድሒሩ ዝርአ ጒዳይ ነይሩ። ኰይኑ ግን፡ በቲ  ጊዜ'ቲ  ኣብ ኢትዮጵያ ስልጣን ዝሓዘ ሓይሊ፡   (ሳላ ዕድል ህዝቢ ኤርትራ ንናይ ሽዑ ወሓለ ኣተሓሕዛ ህዝባዊ ግንባርን) መሓዛ ኤርትራ ብምጽንሑ፡ ጸገም ኣይተረኽበን። ዕላዊ ምእዋጅ ናጽነትን ልኡላውነትን ኤርትራ ከኣ፡ ኢትዮጵያ ብእተቐበለቶን እተሰማምዓትሉን መስርሕ ረፈረንዱም ብሕቡራት መንግስታት ተኻይዱ ተደምዲሙ።"

ብተመሳሳሊ ቃላት፡ ኣብቲ ኣብ ላዕሊ ዝጠቐስኩዎ መጽሓፍ፡ ሓው መስፍን ሓጐስ ከምዚ ዝስዕብ ኢሉ፡- (ብሓገዝ ጉግል  ካብ  ቋንቋ ሽወደን ናብ እንግሊዘኛ ተርጕመ ከቕርቦ)- "Although, of course, we had to conduct the referendum, we also had to persuade the recently installed Ethiopian government to support the proposal. We knew that unless the Ethiopian government supported us and fully cooperated with us, the Eritrean people would not be able to decide on their future. The UN and the international community would not allow us or accept what we arrived at. Fortunately, we were endorsed by the Ethiopian government led by Tigray Liberation Front, TPLF; PP:172.

ብሓጺሩ፡ ሓው መስፍን እውን ምስቲ ናይ ሓው ወልደሱስ ብዝሰማማዕ ቋንቋ ኢዩ ነቲ ናይ ኣህጉራዊ ተፈላጥነት ሕቶ ዝገለጾ። እሞ ኣሕዋት፡ ንህዝብና ዘይኮነ ነገራት ምሕባር እንታይ ጥቕሚ ይርከቦ? ኣንበብቲ ምእንቲ ክመዝኑን ክፈርዱን፡ ከኣ ነታ ናይ ዓሚ ናይ ሓው ወልደሱስ ዓንቀጽ ብምልእታ ኣብ ታሕቲ ኣስፍራ ኣሎኹ።

ዶር፡ ሃብተሚካኤል ተኽለ

ስቶክሆልም፡ ሽወደን

ብ1991፡ ኢትዮጵያ ንናጽነት ኤርትራ ተፈላጥነት    

እንተትኸልእ፡ ናይ ሎሚ ኤርትራ እንታይ ምዀነት᎒

ብወልደሱስ ዓማር

ብሳላ'ቲ ተስፋ ብዘይምቑራጽ ን30 ዓመታት ዝቐጸለ ጅግንነታዊ ቅያታት ሰራዊት ሓርነትን፡ ህዝባዊ ሰራዊትን፡ ምዑት ተሳትፎ ዓቃል ህዝብናን፣ እቲ ብሓያላን ሃገራት ዓለም ሰፍ ዘይብል ሓገዝ ዝረክብ ዝነበረ ወራሪ ሰራዊት ኢትዮጵያ  (ናይ ንጉስ ሃይለ ስላሴ ይኹን ናይ ኮሎኔል መንግስቱ ሃይለማርያም) ተሳዒሩ፡ ብ24 ግንቦት 1991 ካብ መሬት ኤርትራ ከምዝወጸ ንታሪኽ  ክዝከር ዝነብር ሓቂ'ዩ።

እወ፡ መሬት ኤርትራ ብምልኡ -- ብዘይካባድመ -- ነጻ ወጺኡ። ግንከ፡ ወተሃደራዊ ዓወት ንበይኑ እኹል ኣይነበረን። ልኡላዊት ሃገር ምእዋጅን ብዓለም-ለኸ ተፈላጥነት (international recognition) ናይ ምርካብን ጒዕዞ ጌና ድሒሩ ዝርአ ጒዳይ ነይሩ። ኰይኑ ግን፡ በቲ ጊዜ'ቲ ኣብ ኢትዮጵያ ስልጣን ዝሓዘ ሓይሊ፡ (ሳላ ዕድል ህዝቢ ኤርትራን ናይ ሽዑ ወሓለ ኣተሓሕዛ ህዝባዊ ግንባርን) መሓዛ ኤርትራ ብምጽንሑ፡ ጸገም ኣይተረኽበን። ዕላዊ ምእዋጅ ናጽነትን ልኡላውነትን ኤርትራ ከኣ፡ኢትዮጵያ ብእተቐበለቶን እተሰማምዓትሉን መስርሕ ረፈረንዱም ብሕቡራት መንግስታት ተኻይዱ ተደምዲሙ።

ቀሊል ይመስል። ግንከ እቲ ድሕሪ ስዕረት ሰራዊት ኢትዮጵያ፡ ኣብ ኣዲስ ኣበባ ከምመንግስቲ ዝቐጸለ ሓይሊ ብመንግስቱ ሃይለማርያም ወይ ንዕኡ ብዝመስል ዝምራሕ እንተዝነብር፣ ወይ'ውን መሪሕነት ህዝባዊ ወያኔ ሓርነት ትግራይ ዘይመሓዙት ኤርትራ  እንተዝነብሩ፡ እንታይ ምተረኽበ᎒ ኣህጕራዊ ተፈላጥነት ኤርትራ እንታይ ምዀነ᎒ 

ተጻይ ኤርትራ ዝኾነ መንግስቲ ኢትዮጵያ ሕራይ ከይበለ፡ ሃገራት ኣፍሪቃ ብመላአን ንኤርትራ ግድነት ልኡላውነታ ክንፈልጠላ ይግባእ ምበላዶ᎒ ኣሜሪካኸ᎒ ሃገራት ኤውሮጳኸ᎒ .... ወዘተ። ታሪኻዊ ድሕረ- ባይታን ፍትሓውነትን ጒዳይ ኤርትራ ከይገድሶም፡ ምዕራባውያን  ሃገራትን ኣሕዋትና ኣፍሪቃውያንን ኣብ ልዕሊ ሓርነታዊ ቃልሲ ኤርትራ እንታይ ርእይቶታት ከምዝነበሮም ከይዘንጋዕካ ምስ እትሓስብ፡ ጒዳይ ልኡላውነት ኤርትራ ናይ ተፈላጥነት ጸገም ከጓንፎ ይኽእል ምንባሩ ዝከሓድ ኣይኮነን። 

ብሓጺሩ፡ ኤርትራ ከምዛ ናይ ሎሚ ሶማሊላንድ ወይ ከኣ ኮሶቮ፡ ወይ'ውን ናይ 60ታት ሮዴዝያ፡  ናጽነታ ባዕላ ኣዊጃ  (UDI - Unilateral Declaration of Independence) ፡ ዓለም-ለኻዊ ተፈላጥነት ዝሰኣነት "ሃገር" ኰይና ክትቅጽል ኣኽእሎ ነይሩ'ዩ።  ሕጂ ግን፡ ናይ ኢሳያስን ህግደፍን ጸገም ደኣ ከቢዱና እንበር፡ ልኡላውነት ነጻ ኤርትራ  (ብዘይፍቓድ ህዝባ)   ንድሕሪት ዝምለስ ኣይኮነን። 

ከምዚ ክብሃል እንከሎ ግን፡ ልኡላውነት ይረኸብ እንበር ህዝብና ንእተቓለሰሉ ዕላማታት ብምልኡ ጨቢጥዎ ኣየስምዕን፡፡ ንኣብነት፡ ካብ ዝቐደሙ ተቓለስቲ ኤርትራ ዝነበረ ስዉእ ሓርበኛ መሓመድ ስዒድ ናውድ  (መስራቲ ሓረካ/ማሕበር ሸውዓተ)፡ ኣብቲ ብ1996 ኣብ ኣስመራ ኮይኑ ዝጸሓፎ መጽሓፍ ከምዚ ዝስዕብ ርእይቶ ኣስፊሩ፡-  "ቃልስና ጌና ኣይተወደአን። ካብተን እተበገስናለን ሰለስተ ዕላማታት፣ ማለት ሃገራዊ ሓድነትን፡ ናጽነትን ዲሞክራስን፡ ሓንቲ ጥራይ ኢና ኣዓዊትና። ነተን ዝተረፋ ዕላማታት ንምዕዋት ቃልስና ቀጻሊ'ዩ...።" እታ ሓቂ ንሳ'ያ። ግን ከኣ እታ ሓንቲ'ውን ትኹን እንቋዕ ድሕሪ ወተሃደራዊ ዓወት ናይ 1991 ከጓንፍ ዝኽእል ዝነበረ  ጸገም ኣየጓነፋ!!

ሎሚ ስለምንታይ እዛ ዓንቀጽ'ዚኣ ኣድልየት?

ገለ ካብ ኣንበብቲ ክዝክርዎ ከምዝኽእሉ፡ ብ11 ለካቲት 2017፡ ጽሓፋይ ናይ'ዛ ዓንቀጽ እዚኣ ኣብ ናይ ፓልቶክ ገዛ (ሕድሪ ጀጋኑ) ተዓዲመ ነይረ። ዝመረጽኩዎ ኣርእስቲ ከኣ፡ ሓደ ቅድሚ ዓመት ንብሩራዊ ኢዮቤልዩ ናጽነት ኤርትራ ምኽንያት ገይሩ ኣብ ከተማ ጅኔቭ ኣብ እተጋብኤ ኮንፈረንስ ንዘቕረብኩዎ ጽሑፍ ዝምልከት ነይሩ። እቲ መጽናዕታዊ ጽሑፍ፡  "ሰንኮፍ ኣጀማምራ ነጻ ኤርትራ ናይ 1991፡ ንዘሎናዮ ሃለዋት ከመይ ከምዝጸለዎ" ዝብል ኢዩ። እዛ ናይ ሎሚ ሓጻር ሓበረታዊት ዓንቀጽ እንብኣር፡ ነቶም እተማልአ ሓበረታ ብምስኣን ግር ንዝበሎም ደቂ ሃገር ክትሕብር ዝሓለነት ኢያ።

ብዙሓት ክዝክርዎ ከምዝኽእሉ፡  ገለ ሸነኻት ብፍላጥ ይኹን ሰኣን ቅኑዕ ንባብ ታሪኻውን ፖሊቲካውን ተረኽቦታት፡ "ጉድ በሉ፡  .....ሕጂ ኸኣ ሓደ ካብ መሪሕነት ሰልፊ ዲሞክራሲ ህዝቢ ኤርትራ፡ ንናጽነት ኤርትራ ተጻሪሩ፥ ኢትዮጵያ (ወያኔ) ብ1991 ንናጽነት ኤርትራ እንቢ ክትብል ነይሩዋ ኢሉ.......ወዘተ ወዘተ" እናበሉ ብፓልቶክ ኮነ ብኻእል ማዕከናት ክደሃዩ ተሰሚዖም። ከምዚ ዝዓይነቱ ናይ ፈጠራ ወረን ክስታትን ዝበዝሖ ባይታ ከምዝጸንሓናን ጌና ይቕጽል ከምዘሎን ንፈልጥ እኳ እንተዀንና፡ ሓሓሊፍና ንከምዚ ዝዓይነቱ ጠቐነ ዓገብ ክንብልን ገለ ክንእርምን ጠቓሚ ኢዩ።

ዓለም-ለኸሕግን (international law) ዓለም-ለኸ ተፈላጥነትን ኣብ ገሊኡ ኲነታት በቶም ሓያላን ቀጽርታትን ውልቀ-ሃገራትን ይጥሓስ እኳ እንተኾነ፡  ሓፈሻዊ መለክዒ ሕጋውነት (legitimacy) ናይ ሎሚ ዓለምና ኢዩ። እሞ፡ ገለ ካብቲ ኣቐዲሙ እተጠቕሰ ኣብነታት እስቲ እስፍሕ ኣቢልና ንርኣዮ።

ጸገም ሶማሊላንድ፣

እታ ሎሚ ብ5 ሚልዮን ዝግመት ህዝቢ ዘለዋ፥ ነብሳ ከም "ረፓብሊክ ኦፍ ሶማሊላንድ" እትሰሚ መሬት፥ ክሳዕ 1960 ግዝኣት ዓባይ ብሪጣንያ ነይራ። በቲ ዓመት'ቲ ከኣ  ምስታ ናይ ኢጣልያ ዝነበረት ሶማሊላንድን ብስምምዕ "ረፓብሊክ ኦፍ ሶማሊያ" መስሪተን።ብዚያድ ባረ ክትመሓደር ዝጸንሔት ሃገረ ሶማልያ ብ1991 ጀሚራ ኣብ ህውከት ምስ ኣተወት፥ እታ ናይ ብሪጣንያ ግዝኣት ዝነበረት ሶማሊላንድ ርእሲ-ከተማኣ ሃርገሳ ገይራ በይናዊ ናጽነተይ ፍለጡለይ ኢላ ኣዊጃ። ዝተረፈ ዓለም ግን ነታ ኣቐዲሙ ተፈላጥነት ዝሃባ፥ ሞቓድሾ ዝርእሰ-ከተማኣ ሃገረ ሶማልያ (ማለትን ባዕላ ኣብ ንቡር ሃለዋት ንዘይጸንሐት ሃገር/ደውላ)  ቀዳምነት ሂቡ ንሶማሊላንድ ክሰምዓ ኣይደለየን። እታ ሞቓድሾ ዝርእስ-ከተማኣ ናይ ሶማሊያ ደውላ ንናጽነታ ፍለጡላ ክሳዕ እትብል ከኣ ሶማሊላንድ ከምታ ዘላታ ኮይና ክትቅጽል ተፈሪዱዋ ማለት ኢዩ።

ከምኡ'ውን ኮሶቮ/Kosovo

ናይ ቀደም ዩጎዝላቪያ ምስ ፈረሰት፥ ሰርብያ ወራሲት ናይ ዩጎዝላቭያ ተቘጺራ ከምሓዳስ ሃገር ተፈላጥነት ረኺባ። ኣካላ ዝነበረት ኮሶቮ ግን ፍልይቲ ሃገር ክትከውን ኣብ ቃልሲ ጸኒሓ። እቶም ካብ ኣልባንያ ዝመበቆሎም ህዝባ'ውን ብሰርብያውያን ክግፍዑ ጸኒሖም ኢዮም። ብወተሃደራዊ ሓይልታት ናቶ/NATO (ሕቡራት ሃገራት ኣመሪካን ሕብረት ኤውሮጳን ዝርከብዎ ሓይሊ) ተደጊፋ፡ ኮሶቮ ትሕቲ ምምሕዳር ሕቡራት መንግስታት ድሕሪ ምጽናሕ ፡ፍቓድ ናይ ሃገረ ሰርቢያ ከይረኸበት ብ2008 ባዕላ ናጽነታ ኣዊጃ። ካብ ሽዑ ጀሚራ ከኣ ኮሶቮ ጌና ኣብ ሕቡራት መንግስታት ዓለም ኣባልነት ስኢና ተንጠልጢላ ትነብር ኣላ።

ካብ ሶማሊላንድ ግን ትሓይሽ። ሳላ ኣመሪካን ደገፍታን፡ ንናጽነት ኮሶቮ ተፈላጥነት ዝሃባ ካብ 100 ዘይውሕዳ ሃገራት በጺሐን ኣሎዋ። ግንከ፡ ባይቶ ጸጥታ ሕቡራት መንግስታት ክሰማምዓላ ስለዘይከኣለ፡ ልኡላውነታ ብውንዙፉ ይነብር ኣሎ። እቲ ብቤት ፍርዲ ዓለም-ለኸ ንፍትሒ (International Court of Justice) ንኮሶቮ ደጊፉ ዝሃቦ ፍርዲ እውን ክሕግዝ ኣይከኣለን። ሩስያን፡ 'ኮር ተገልበጥ' ናይ ህግደፍ ኤርትራን ካብተን ንኮሶቮ ኣባል ሕቡራት መንግስታትን ካልእ ዓለም-ለኸ ማሕበራትን ንከይትኸውን ካብ ዝቃወማ ዘለዋ ሃገራት ኢየን።

ኤርትራ ካብተን  "ሕጋዊ ሸነኽ"  ኣመኽንየን ንናጽነት ኮሶቮ  ካብ ዘይደገፋ ሃገራት ምዃና ዘርኢ ካርታ።

ዝገደደ ከኣ፡ ህግደፍ (ምእሳር ኣመል ኰይኑዎ) ንሓደ ወዲ ኮሶቮ ዝኾነ ጀይምስ በሪሻ ዝስሙ ዘዋር ነፋሪት፥ ቅድሚ ሽድሽተ ዓመታት ንኮሶቮ ተፈላጥነት ኣብ ዘይሃባ ሃገራት እናዞረ 'በጃኹም ንኮሶቮ ከምሃገር ፍለጡና' እናበለ ክዘውር ጸኒሑ ኣስመራ ምስ በጽሐ፡ ሰበ-ስልጣን ህግደፍ ኣብ ማእሰርቲ ከምዝዳጐንዎ ይፍለጥ። ድሕሪ ክንደይ ላዕልን ታሕትን ከኣ'ዩ ካብ ማእሰርቲ ህግደፍ ነጻ ኰይኑ፡ዝረኸቦ ርካብ እናገረሞ ንሃገሩ እተመልሰ።

ኣብዚ ላዕሊ ብሓጺሩ ተጠቒሱ ዘሎ ነጥብታት ንገለ ካብቶም ኣንበብቲ ጠቓሚ ኮይኑ ክርከብ ተስፋ እገብር። እታ  "ሰንኮፍ ኣጀማምራ ነጻ ኤርትራ ናይ 1991 ንዘሎናዮ ሃለዋት ከመይ ከምዝጸለዎ" ብዝብል ኣርእስቲ ቅድሚ ሓደ ዓመት እተጻሕፈት ወረቐት ኣብ ቀረባ ጊዜ ናብ ኣንበብቲ ክትዝርጋሕ ኢያ።

ርሑስ በዓል ፋሲካን፡

ናብ ዝሓሸ መድረኽ ዝመርሕ

መበል 26 ዓመት ናጽነት ኤርትራን ይግበሮ!!