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Source: House of Lords
To ask Her Majesty’s Government what representations they have made to the government of Ethiopia about (1) reports of atrocities against Tigrayans, and (2) ensuring that civilians are protected.
Source: Human Rights Concern – Eritrea (HRCE)
14 December 2020
Eye-witness testimony is emerging confirming reports that the Eritrean military are entering refugee camps in Tigray, attacking Eritrean refugees, and forcibly returning large numbers of them to Eritrea. Many of these refugees were deliberately shot and seriously injured, and are recovering in hospitals in Eritrea, where they have been taken against their will.
A constitutional dispute between the leaders of the Northern province of Tigray, The Tigray People’s Liberation Front (TPLF) and the Federal Government of Ethiopia escalated into full-scale war last month when Prime Minister Abiy Ahmed sent the Federal army into Tigray to impose a State of Emergency. Federal troops now occupy the province’s towns and capital city. All communications have been severed within Tigray, so no news channels are open and roads are closed to all traffic except the military.
Eritrean refugees in Adi Harush camp are living in terror, since armed people have been entering the camp, harassing them and taking their belongings.
From Hitsats camp eye-witnesses report that towards the end of November about 10-armed people came into camp and started shooting at random. Many people were shot; some are seriously injured, and some died. The injured were loaded into trucks and forcibly returned to Eritrea. Several of the injured were hospitalised in Barentu hospital in Eritrea. Two died from their injuries, while 32 others are still receiving treatment in the hospital. Other refugees who sustained serious injuries from gunfire at Hitsats camp were taken to Glass Military hospital in Keren, Eritrea.
Several sources in Eritrea have confirmed that refugees from Tigray continue to be forcibly returned by Eritrean soldiers and brought to different parts of the country since the war started.Refugees who have been rounded up by Eritrean soldiers from the camps in Tigray (possibly from Hitsats and Shimelba) are arriving in considerable numbers. On Thursday, 10th December, five large “dumper” or “tipper” trucks full of refugees were brought back to Eritrea, again escorted by soldiers. Three of these trucks full of refugees were taken to Shambuko, and subsequently two of the vehicles were taken to Shilalo. The refugees are presently being detained there.
Elizabeth Chyrum, Director of Human Rights Concern-Eritrea, commented: –
“There is now no doubt that the Eritrean military are not only present in Tigray but have been allowed a free hand by the Ethiopian authorities to do whatever they wish with Eritrean refugees in Tigray, including forcibly returning them to the very country they fled from in fear of their lives.
What is being perpetrated against Eritrean refugees in Tigray is a crime on a massive scale. The Eritrean military’s unacknowledged presence in Tigray is part of a criminal conspiracy to forcibly repatriate Eritrean refugees to the country they fled from, where imprisonment, torture and possible death await them, as the UN Commission of Inquiry into Human Rights in Eritrea bore witness. Such forcible return of helpless refugees utterly violatesfundamental principles of international refugee treaties, including the 1951 Convention Relating to the Status of Refugees and the 1967 Protocol on Non-Refoulement.
The international community MUST take notice of this imminent threat and recognise the very real danger to all Eritreans in Ethiopia. They MUST NOT be forcibly returned (or “refouled”) to the country from which they fled because of persecution.
It is vital that UN Member states warn the government of Ethiopia that it is complicit in criminal acts by the military forces of Eritrea in Tigray.
The government of Ethiopia must be reminded of its international legal duty to protect all who claim sanctuary in its territory and its urgent obligation to provide food and medical care to the remaining refugees in the camps in Tigray, who are now threatened with death from starvation unless the government of Ethiopia takes immediate action to ensure food and supplies reach them.”
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Human Rights Concern – Eritrea (HRCE)
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ወግሐ ጸብሐ ኣብ ኤሪትራን ኢትይጵያን ዘጋጥምን ዝውሰድን ዘሎ ተረኽቦታት ክንሰምዕን ርእይቶታትና ከነቐምጥን ጸኒሕና። ተቓውሞና ተወዳዲቡን ሓቢሩን ኣብ ውጽኢት ከርኢ ዝኽእል ዕማማት ዝኣቱ፤ በቢ ኮም ተኣኻኺቡ፤ ነቲ ሕቶ ዘየድልዮ ናይ ኣብ ሓደ ምምጻእ ስጉምቲ ንክ ወስዱ ጊዜ ይወስድ ጥራይ ዘይኮነ ንስኻ እቶ ንስኻ የለኻን እናተባህለ ኣብ ጊዜ ዝበልዕን፥ ኣብ ካልእ ከተስግል ዝገብርን ምምላስ ይስማዕ። ፖለቲካዊ ውድባት ሰሚረን ሓንቲ ትመርሐን ኣካል ኣብ ክንዲ ዘቑማን ንተቓውሞ ኣብ ክንዲ ዝመርሓን፥ ሽማግለታት ብምውጻእ ንጥርኑፍ ኣመራርሓ ዘይጥዕም መገዲ ሒዘን ይርከባ። ኣብ ምሉእ ደምበ ተቓውሞ፥ መን ተቓዋማይ መን ናይ ውሽጢ ኣርበኛ ምዃኑ ከተለሊ ዘጸግም ኩነታት ተፈጢሩ ኣሎ።
ኩነታትና ከምዚ ኢሉ እንከሎ ድማ ኣቢይን ኢሳያስን ብዝመደብዎ እነሆ ኣብ ዶብና ውግእ ተባሪዑ ንርኢ። ዘሰንብድ ክኸውን ይኽእል፤ ናይ ኣብይን ኢሳያስን ዕርክነት ብመሰረቱ ናይ ሓባር ትምኒታቶም ስለዝተሰማምዔ ኢዩ። ኢሳያስ ካብ ዝተበገሰላ ዕለት ኣትሒዙ ንሰውራ ኤሪትራ ጨውዩ ናብ ኢትይጵያ ንክመልሳ ዝተበገሰ ብምንባሩ፤ ካብ ጊዜ ሰውራ ኣትሒዙ፤ ነቲ ጅግና ህዝብን ሰራዊትን ገጹ ከርእዮ ስለዘይደፈረ፤ መጀመርያ ብውግኣትን ብመቕተልትን ማእሰርትን ከብርሶን ከዳኽሞን ሓደ ሜላኡ ኮይኑ፤ ነቶም እንታይ ደኣ ኣብ ጊዜ ደርጊ ዓበይቲ ዓወታት ክምዝገብ ተኻኢሉ ንዝብሉ ድማ፤ ኢሳያስ እቲ ዝለዓለ ናይ ምዕራብ ሓገዝ ዝቕበለሉ ዝነበረ እውን ጊዜ ደርጊ ኢዩ ነይሩ፤ እቲ ምኽንያት ድማ ነቲ ማርክሳዊ ኢየ ዝብል ስርዓት ካብ ገጽ መሬት ምጥፋእ ድሌት ምዕራባውያን ሃገራት ብምንባሩ ኢዩ። ድሕሪ ናጽነትከ ከመይ ኬድና፧ ብግስ ከይበልና ምስ መንግስቲ ኢትዮጵያ ኮይኑ ናይ ሓባር መንግስቲ ክምስርት ሓሳብ ከምዝነበሮ ሓው መስፍን ሓጎስ ሓቢሩና ኢዩ። ንሱ ከይኣክል ኣብቲ ኣብ ሎንዶን ዝተገብረ ርክብ እውን መለስ ዘናዊ፥ “ህዝቢ ኤሪትራ ንናጽነቱ ኢዩ ተዋጊኡ” ብምባል ንሓሳብ ኢሳያስ ውዱቕ ከምዝገበሮ ሰሚዕና ኢና። እዚ ኣበሃህላዚ ድማ ኢሳያስ ኣብ ልዕሊ ወያነ ዓቢ ጽልእን ቅርሕንትን ኣሕዲሩሉ ኢዩ። ኣብ ውሽጢ ኤሪትራ ንኢሳያስ ዘቃልዕ ነቐፈታትን ምንቅስቓሳትን፤ ከምኡውን ንናይ ዘለኣለም ሕልሙ ከበርዕን ዝኽእል ቅዋም ምንባሩ፤ ኢሳያስ ንኩነታት ብፋሕብትን ንምቕያር ውግእ ባድመ ከፈተ። ንባድመ ውዒላ ሓዲራ፥ ኤሪትራ ምስ ኢትዮጵያ ምስተሓወሰት ትርጉም ክህልዋ ስለዘይኮነ ኢሉ ኣቐዲሙ ብምሕሳቡ ኢዩ ካብ ጀብሃ መንጢሉ ንወያነ ገዲፉሎም ዝነበረ። ሕጂውን ኣብይ ምስ መጸ ንባድመ ክመልሳ ኣይተገደሰን፤ እቲ ምኽንያት ድማ: ባድመ ምስ ኤሪትራ ናብ ኢትይጵያ ከምትኣቱ ስለዝኣምን ኢዩ።
እዚ ሎሚ ዝካየድ ዘሎ ኣብ ልዕሊ ትግራይ ዝወርድ ዘሎ ዘመቻ ድማ፥ ኣቢይ ንስልጣኑ፤ ኢሳያስ ንዕላምኡ፤ ብገለ ሓይልታት ተመሪሖም ወዲኦምዎ ዝመጹ ውዲት ኢዩ። ብዙሕ ትያትሮ ድማ ርኢና። ስርዓት ወያኔ ዝፈጸሞ ዘይብሱል ኣመራርሓን ባህርያትንኳ ነይሩ እንተተባህለ፤ ንትዮጵያ ቅድሚ ሕጂ ተራእዩ ኣብ ዘይፈልጥ ትምህርታውን ቁጠባውን ደረጃ ከምትበጽሕ ጌሩ ጥራይ ዘይኮነስ፤ ኣብ ምሉእ ኣፍሪቃን ዓለምን ንኢትዮጵያ ከም ትኽበር ገሮም ኢዮም። እዚ ምዕብልናዚ ድማ ብዓይኒቶም ኣፍሪቃውያን ዓደግትን ተመራሕትን እንበር፥ ርእሶም ዝኸኣሉ ኣፍረይትን ናይ ዕዳጋታቶም ተወዳደርትን ክኾኑ ዘይወሓጠሎም ኣህጉራውያን ሸነኻት፤ ዘይደልዮን ንካልኦት ኣብነት ክኸውን ዝኽእል ሓደገኛ ጉዕዞ ጌሮም ስለዝርእይዎን፤ ንድሕሪት ክመልስዎ ክፍትኑ ከምዝኾኑን ከምእተዓወቱሉን’ውን ግሁድ ኢዩ።
ብካልእ ሸንኽ ድማ፤ እቲ ዳርጋ ቀሺ ወይ ሸኽ ተመሲሉ ብዛዕባ ፍቕርን ሰላምን እናሰበኸ እዚ ዘይበሃል ኣድናቖት ዝረኸበ ኣቢይ ኣሕመድ፤ ንኢትዮጵያውያን፥ ምስ ኢሳያስ ብምምሽጣር ዝዓበየ ህያብ ከምጽኣሎምን ምስጋናን ስልጣንን ከረጋግጽ፤ ብመምርሒን ተሓባባርነትን ናይ ኢሳያስ መጀመርታ ንህዝቢ ትግራይ ምድቋስ፤ ድሕሪኡ ንኤሪትራ ናብ ኢትዮጵያ ምሕዋስ ንዝብል መደቡ እንሀ ጀሚርዎን የካይዶን ኣሎ። ሰራዊት ኢትዮጵያ ኣብ ከምዚ ድንግርግር ዝበለ ኩነታት ን ኤሪትራ ኣትዩ ንትግራይ ምጥቃዕ ጥራይ ዘይኮነስ፤ ካብ ኤሪትራ ንሃገሩ ይምለስ ዝብል እምነት የብለይን፤ ሓላዋይ ኢሳያስን ብምዃን: ንዝኾነ ተቓዋሚ ከጥፍእን ድማ ህልውንኡ ቀጻሊ ክኸውን ኢዩ።
ሎሚ ህዝቢ ትግራይ እንተተደርዒሙን ተዳኺሙን፤ ጽባሕ ተራና ከምዝኾነ ምስትብሃል ጽቡቕ ኢዩ። መበገሲ ናይዚ ውግእዚውን ንኤሪትራ ንምንብርካኽ ዘቃልል ተባሂሉ ዝተጀመረ ምዃኑ ኢዩ ትርጉም ዝህብ።
ካብዚ ኩሉ ዝተጠቕሰ ብምብጋስ ድማ፥ ሎሚ ንዕንወት ናይ ትግራይ ዝትምነ ኤሪትራዊ፥ ካብ ሕጂ ዜግነቱ ከምዝቐየረ ክርድኦ ይግባእ። እዚ ዘለናሉ ጊዜ፥ ናይ ቅርሕንትን መሰረት ዘይብሉ ትምክሕትን ድርቅና መርገጻትን ጊዜ ኣይኮነን፤ ኣንዊሕካን ኣዕሚቕካን ተስተብህለሉን ትመዝነሉን፥ ንሃገራውን ህዝባውን ጥቕምኻ ዘዋጽእ ምግንዛብን ዝሓትት ኢዩ። ኣብ ምፍፍልላይ ኣውራጃ፤ ኣብ ዝሓለፈ ውባዊ ፍልልያት፤ ኣብ ውድበይ ውድብካ ሃይማኖተይ ሃይማኖትካ ዕንክሊል ዝብል ኩሉ፤ ካብ ልቡ እንተኾይኑ ልቢ የብሉን፤ ኮነ ኢሉ ዝገብሮ እንተኾነ ድማ ጸላኢ ህዝቢ ኤሪትራን ክቡራት ስንኩላቱን ስዉኣቱን ምዃኑ ንኩሉ ኣንባቢ ንጹር ክኸውን ይግባእ። ንመርሕነት ዝጓየ እንተሎ ድማ፤ እታ ዕድል ንሓደ ጥራይ ኢያ`ሞ ዓቕምኻን ብቕዓትካን ፈሊጥካ ንናይ ሓባር ስራሕ ቀዳምነት ሃብ ኢለ ክምዕድ እፈቱ።
ሎሚ ኤሪትራ ዓባይ በት ማእሰርቲ ህዝቢ ኤሪትራ ኢያ ዘላ፤ ምሉእ ህዝቢ እሱር ኢዩ። ተባዕ ዝነበረ ኣብ ፈራሕ ተቐይሩ፤ ኣንበሳ ዝነበረ ደኒኑ፤ በሊሕ ዝነበረ ፈዚዙ ወዘተ፥ ህዝብና እንታይ ወርድዎ ኣብ ኢልካ ዝሕተተሉ እዋን ኢና በጺሕና ዘለና። ሃገርና ክትደክን ፈላጣታን ሰብ ንብረትን ንህያቦም ከይጥቀሙሉ ዝተዓግቱሉን እተባረሩሉን፥ ሰብ ናብ ዕለታዊ ድራሩ ጥራይ ከድህብ እተገደ ደሉን፤ መንእሰያት ትርጉም ዓለም ትርጉም ዘይህቦም ዝኾኑሉን፥ ብዘይካ ንሳዋ ምውሓዝ ናይ መጻኢ ተስፋ ዘይርእዩሉን፤ ከተማታት ዓንየን መልክዓተን ዝተደምሰሰሉን (ዝተረፈኒ ወስኹሉ) ክገብር ዝጸንሐን ዘሎን ንድልየት ናይ ሓደ ባእታ ንክጥዕም ምዃኑ ኩሉ ኤሪትራዊ ሎሚ ዘስተብሃለሉ ይመስል። እዛ እዋን እዚኣ ንህልውና ሃገርና ካብ ዝሓለፈ እዋናት ብዝለዓለ ትፈታተነና ዘላ ስለዝኾነት፤ ሓቢርና ንጽዓረላ፥ ጥቕሚ ሃገርና ንዝሕሉ ኩሉ ኣገባብን መንገድን ብብልሓት ንጠቐም፤ ብዝሒ ዘረባ ዘይኮነስ ተግባር ዝጠልብ እዋን ኢዩ።
ኣብ ገምገም ጥፍኣት ንዘላ ሃገር ብሓባር ነድሕን።
ብዘይምውልዋል ንስለ ህዝብና ክንብል ሓቢርና ንስራሕ።
ዝኽርን ክብርን ንስዉኣትና
ተኸለ መለኪን 29/11 - 2020
Some members might inquire about reports of mistreatment of Eritrean refugees in Ethiopia. This issue gained heightened attention on 11 December, when Filippo Grandi, UN High Commissioner for Refugees, issued a statement saying that the UN Refugee Agency (UNHCR) and its humanitarian partners “have had no access to the four Eritrean refugee camps inside Tigray, putting the safety and survival of the refugees at great risk”. He went on to assert that there had been “an overwhelming number of disturbing reports of Eritrean refugees in Tigray being killed, abducted and forcibly returned to Eritrea” and that “[i]f confirmed, these actions would constitute a major violation of international law”.
Source: Security Council Report
Tomorrow (14 December) Security Council members are expected to discuss the humanitarian situation in the Tigray region of northern Ethiopia under “any other business”, a standing item in consultations. The meeting was initiated at the request of Belgium, Estonia, France, Germany, the US, and the UK. An OCHA representative is expected to brief.
Background
Conflict between the Ethiopian government and the country’s northern Tigray region erupted on 4 November. This followed months of rising tensions between the central government and Tigray. Many analysts have noted the desire of Ethiopian Prime Minister Abiy Ahmed to strengthen federal control over Ethiopia’s regions, including Tigray, which has chafed at what it views as an assault on its autonomy. Citing concerns about the coronavirus, the federal government postponed Ethiopia’s August general elections; in defiance of this decision, Tigray held its own regional elections in September. In October, Addis Ababa slashed federal support to Tigray, and the Tigrayan People’s Liberation Front (TPLF) (the main political party in the region) rejected the central government’s appointment of a new general to Tigray to take charge of Ethiopia’s northern command.
In this difficult context, Prime Minister Abiy launched a military campaign against the region, after accusing the TPLF of attacking an Ethiopian National Defense Forces base and attempting to steal artillery and military equipment in Tigray. Thousands of people have reportedly died as a result of the fighting since early November, and the humanitarian situation has continued to worsen. Over 50,000 refugees have fled from Tigray into Sudan, and thousands more have been internally displaced.
In addition to refugee flows, there has been further evidence of the conflict’s international ramifications. On 14 November, the TPLF fired rockets on Asmara, Eritrea, accusing Eritrea of helping the Ethiopian military to stage operations on Tigray. The US also recently accused Eritrea of sending its own troops across the border to support the Ethiopian army in its campaign against Tigray, although Eritrea has denied the allegation.
The AU has thus far led political efforts to resolve the fighting. On 20 November, the AU Chairperson, President Cyril Ramaphosa of South Africa, appointed three high-level enjoys to help facilitate a peaceful resolution to the conflict: Joaquim Chissano (former President of Mozambique), Ellen Johnson Sirleaf (former President of Liberia), and Kgalema Motlanthe (former President of South Africa). These efforts have appeared to gain little traction, with President Abiy reluctant to accept external mediation and defining the conflict as a law enforcement operation. UN Secretary-General António Guterres has expressed the UN’s support for the AU’s initiative to resolve the crisis, including in 20 November and 7 December statements attributable to his spokesperson.
Earlier today, following a visit to Ethiopia to meet with Prime Minister Abiy, Sudanese Prime Minister Abdalla Hamdok announced that Abiy had agreed to a summit of the Intergovernmental Authority on Development (IGAD) to address the Tigray conflict. At time of writing, additional details about a potential summit were unclear.
Security Council Engagement
The Security Council has not engaged actively on the crisis. Although members discussed the conflict under “any other business” on 24 November, the Council has yet to take any concrete action. The 24 November meeting had been proposed by the Council’s EU members and the UK, who called for the meeting after the African members of the Council had withdrawn their initial request for a discussion, maintaining that regional engagement needed more time to take effect and that the high-level AU delegation that planned to visit Abiy had yet to arrive in Addis Ababa. (The AU delegation met with Abiy on 27 November; Abiy reportedly pledged to protect civilians but not to stop the military campaign). During the “any other business” session, members emphasised the importance of de-escalating the conflict, expressed concern about the impact of the fighting on civilians, and underscored their support for regional engagement to resolve the conflict.
Tomorrow’s “any other business” session will depart from the session on 24 November in that a briefer is anticipated and the focus is expected to be primarily on the humanitarian implications of the conflict. Although Abiy announced that the fighting had ended on 28 November, the situation has remained volatile. The OCHA briefer may describe shortages in food, water, fuel, and medical supplies in Tigray. He or she may note that the ICRC-Ethiopian Red Cross Society convoy carrying relief supplies and medicines to Mekelle on 11 December was the first international aid delivery to reach Tigray since the start of the conflict, following weeks of restrictions on international humanitarian access. Abiy has declared that the Ethiopian government is spearheading the humanitarian response in Tigray.
A number of issues are likely to be taken up in the meeting. Some Council members may be interested in OCHA’s views on the prospect of future international aid deliveries to the region. In this regard, they may highlight the importance of permitting unfettered and safe humanitarian access to Tigray. There may be calls for holding accountable those on both sides that have committed human rights violations during the conflict. Concern is also likely to be expressed about the deaths of four aid workers—including three from the Danish Refugee Council and one from the ICRC—during the fighting.
Some members might inquire about reports of mistreatment of Eritrean refugees in Ethiopia. This issue gained heightened attention on 11 December, when Filippo Grandi, UN High Commissioner for Refugees, issued a statement saying that the UN Refugee Agency (UNHCR) and its humanitarian partners “have had no access to the four Eritrean refugee camps inside Tigray, putting the safety and survival of the refugees at great risk”. He went on to assert that there had been “an overwhelming number of disturbing reports of Eritrean refugees in Tigray being killed, abducted and forcibly returned to Eritrea” and that “[i]f confirmed, these actions would constitute a major violation of international law”.
In general, there appear to be divergent views on how actively engaged the Council should be on this issue. While some members would like the Council to play a more active role, others appear concerned that this could be counter-productive and interfere with regional efforts to resolve the conflict.
“Any other business”—the format of the 24 November meeting and tomorrow’s meeting on Tigray—is one way that members have traditionally kept abreast of developments in situations not on the Council’s agenda. “Any other business” is also generally conducive to discreet discussions of more sensitive matters, as there is no public record of “any other business” topics.
Source: Famine Early Warning System
A IPC Phase 4 means that the households have large food consumption gaps which are reflected in very high acute malnutrition and excess mortality. It is one below Phase 5 – Famine
Contribution of PSNP* expressed as a percent of annual food needs by livelihood zone in Tigray
*Cash PSNP was converted into food terms and added to the food distribution, then calculated as a percent of the annual kilocalorie needs. A weighted average was taken across all wealth groups.
In November, tensions between the national and regional governments developed into widespread conflict in the Tigray Region of Ethiopia. The conflict has driven large-scale displacement, with populations fleeing to areas not directly under attack, neighboring Afar and Amhara Regions, and Sudan. The movement of goods and people, food assistance delivery, and many economic activities have largely halted. Insecurity in the region is likely to persist in the near term, disrupting access to food and income into 2021. High food assistance needs are expected now through at least the next harvest in late 2021 in eastern and southern areas of Tigray, and among displaced populations in Afar, Amhara, and Sudan. Urgent action is needed to reverse restrictions to movement and activities, to open humanitarian space for all humanitarian actors, and to resume and immediately scale up humanitarian assistance necessary to meet basic food needs and prevent further deterioration in food security.
Since the outbreak of conflict on November 4, fighting was primarily focused along main roadways running west to east in the region, though the full extent of conflict is likely still unknown as telecommunication services remain limited. The government imposed a six-month state of emergency on November 6. Fighting was concentrated in western Tigray, but moved eastward as the month progressed, and continues in localized areas of Tigray, with federal forces taking control of the regional capital Mekele in late November. According to UNHCR, as of December 9, nearly 50,000 people have fled to Sudan. While no official figures are available, reports indicate people have also fled to neighboring Amhara and Afar regions and that many are likely displaced within Tigray.
Poor households in Tigray rely on their own crop production and income earned through agricultural and non-agricultural labor to meet their basic food needs. When the conflict erupted, the main season meher harvest was ongoing. Available information suggests that conflict has been relatively low in rural areas, allowing many rural households to continue harvesting and consuming crops. However, reporting also suggests that some rural households in areas affected by conflict have abandoned or cannot access their fields. Furthermore, given official movement restrictions, fear of moving due to the conflict, and reduced intra- and inter-region trade flows, economic activity is generally reduced. Restricted movement is especially damaging to poor households in the deficit-producing mid- and highland areas who rely heavily on labor migration to surplus areas in the western lowlands. Income from labor migration was already negatively affected in 2020 by the COVID-19 related movement restrictions. In addition, livestock sales, an important income source among middle and better-off households throughout the region, are limited by reduced market functioning. Since this income helps support the local economy, generating demand for local agricultural labor, a reduction in livestock sales has knock-on effects for poorer households. Overall, poor households’ access to income has notably decreased.
At the same time, extremely high food prices are further constraining access to food. Information from those who recently left Tigray suggests the destruction of infrastructure, regional border closures, and fuel shortages have resulted in limited food supplies in markets, putting significant upward pressure on food and non-food prices, which were already above average.
The ongoing conflict has also prevented the delivery of humanitarian food assistance and Productive Safety Net Program (PSNP) permanent direct support. More than 300,000 people in Tigray, including internally displaced people (IDP) and refugees, typically receive humanitarian food assistance every six weeks, though it is expected they have not received a distribution since October due to the conflict. An estimated 1 million people in Tigray receive PSNP support, covering up to 50 percent of basic kilocalorie needs among poor and very poor households (Figure 1). While most PSNP beneficiaries receive distributions between February and July, roughly 250,000 permanent direct support beneficiaries, including the elderly and disabled, receive year-round assistance. It is believed that these beneficiaries have not received a distribution since August as the federal government did not transfer cash to the region following the tension due to the regional election. On December 2, the federal government and UN announced a humanitarian corridor was opening to government-controlled areas. Humanitarian assistance has likely reached some areas, as the NDRMC reported on December 8, though this is difficult to confirm. However, PSNP distributions are likely to be limited in the short to medium term as the resumption of deliveries, which require federal government funds, will depend on the implementation support of the regional government.
Localized conflict and some displacement in Tigray are expected to continue into 2021. Economic activity is expected to somewhat improve as the military offensive has largely ended; however, with the anticipated continuation of the state of emergency coupled with damaged infrastructure, some disruption to the movement of people and goods is likely through at least mid-2021.
Food security among displaced, urban, and some poor rural households has notably declined. With the availability of the harvest, particularly in surplus-producing western areas, most poor households are likely meeting their immediate short-term food needs; however, Crisis (IPC Phase 3) outcomes are anticipated in several eastern, central, and southern areas, including some urban and peri-urban areas, of Tigray. Anecdotal reports suggest that IDP and poor households in bordering areas of Amhara and Afar are also having difficulty accessing food and other basic supplies due to limited market activities with Tigray; Crisis (IPC Phase 3) outcomes are also likely among these populations. It is expected that some direct beneficiaries of PSNP who have not received assistance since August are likely facing wide food consumption gaps indicative of Emergency (IPC Phase 4). FEWS NET currently anticipates that PSNP deliveries are likely to resume by mid-2021 and that humanitarian assistance will be delivered to some areas starting in the coming months. However, in the absence of assistance and PSNP, additional very poor households are likely to deteriorate to Emergency (IPC Phase 4) in the coming months with the depletion of the harvest, and area-level Emergency (IPC Phase 4) outcomes would be likely in early 2021. Urgent action is needed to enable the immediate scale up of food assistance necessary to meet basic food needs and prevent further deterioration in food security.
ርእሰ-ዓንቀጽ ሰዲህኤ
ኣብዚ እዋንዚ ኣብ ቅድሜና ዘለዉ ክንዘራረበሎም ዝግበኣና፡ ግን ከኣ ናይ ለውጢ መስመር ቃልስና ከየስሕቱና ክንጥንቀቐሎም ዝግበኣና እዋናውያን ዛዕባታት ኣዝዮም ብዙሓት እዮም። “ሓይልታት ምክልኻል ኤርትራ ኣብዚ ኣብ ትግራይ ዝካየድ ዘሎ ውግእ ተሳቲፉዶ ኣይፋሉን? ኣብዚ ውግእ ዘስዓቦ ኣሰላልፋ መን ምስ መን ኣሎ? ካብቶም ገኒኖም ኣዛረብቲ ኮይኖም ዘለዉ እዮም።
እዞም ኣቐዲሞም ዝተጠቕሱ ናይ ዞባን ዓለምን ኣጀንዳ’ውን ኮይኖም ዘለዉ ዛዕባታት፡ ብዝያዳ ነቶም ኣንጻር ህግደፍ ዝተሰለፍና፡ ኤርትራውያን ኣዛረብቲ ክኾኑ ግድን እዩ። ምኽንያቱ ንመጻኢ ዕድል ኤርትራን ህዝባን ኮነ ነቲ ነካይዶ ዘለና ህዝባዊ ዲሞክራስያዊ ለውጢ ናይ ምርግጋጽ ቃልስና ኣዝዮም ጸለውቲ ስለ ዝኾኑ። ኣብዚ ሓይልታት ምክልኻል ኤርትራ ኣብ ውግእ ትግራይ ምስ ፈደራላዊ መንግስቲ ኢትዮጵያ ተሰሊፉ ኣንጻር ትግራይ ምስታፉን ዘይምስታፉን፡ ብሕብእብእ ዝሕለፍ ኣይኮነን። ምኽንያቱ ኣባላት ሓይልታት ምክልኻል ኤርትራ ደቂ ውሑዳት መራሕቲ ጉጅለ ህግደፍ ዘይኮኑ፡ ደቂ ህዝቢ ኤርትራ እዮም። እቲ ጉጅለ ንኢድ ኣእታውነቱ ዝምልከት ሓቂ ክነግረና ከይተጸበና፡ ናይቶም ኣብቲ ውግእ ተሳቲፎም ዝተወግኡ፡ ዝሞቱን ሃለዋቶም ዝጠፍኡን ወለድን ስድራቤታትን ሓዘኖምን ሻቕሎቶምን ይገልጹ ስለ ዘለዉ፡ ነቲ በለካ ለኸዓካ ገዲፍና፡ ነቲ ክዉን ከም መርተዖ ምውሳዱ ናይቲ ሕቶ መልሲ እዩ። እቲ “መን ምስ መን ይስለፍ?” ዝብል ኣብ ዝርዝር ከይኣተናን ብስምዒት ከይተደፋእናን፡ ኣየንኡ እዩ ርትዓውን ኤርትራዊ ረብሓ ዘረጋግጽን ዝብል ሕቶ ብዝምልስ መዐቀኒ ክንመዝኖ ይግበኦ። ናይ ክሳብ ሕጂ ኣቕጣጫ ኢሳያስን ናይ ብዙሓት ንኤርትራ ካብ ርእሳ ዘይወረዱላ ኢትዮጵያውያን ተንተንትን ጠመተ፡ ናበይ ገጹ የመዓዱ ከም ዘሎ ምስትብሃል ግና ኣዝዩ ኣገዳሲ እዩ።
“ኤርትራዊ ረብሓ” ዝብል ኣምር ብብዙሕ ኩርንዓት ዝረአ፡ ነብሱ ዝኸኣለ ዝርዝር ዘለዎ ኮይኑ፡ እቲ ኣብዚ እዋንዚ ቅድሚት ክንሰርዖ ዝግበኣና መዓቀኒ “ኤርትራዊ ህልውናን ልኡላውነትን” ክኸውን ከም ዝግበኦ ከነስተውዕል ይግበኣና። ብዝኾነ ይኹን ዝጸንሐን ዘሎን ፍልልያትን ህልኽን ኣወንዚፍና፡ ነዚ መሰረታዊ መዐቀኒ ክንስሕቶ ኣይግበኣናን። ምሕዝነት ኢሳይስ ኣፈወርቅን ዶ/ር ኣብይ ኣሕመድን ቀጻሊ መደባቶምን ሓደጋኡ ኣብ ልዕሊ ኤርትራን እንታይ ክኸውን ከም ዝኽእል ኣድቂቕካ ምግማት ከገድሰና እዩ። እዚ ንዕዘቦ ዘለና ናይ ጉጅለ ህግድፍ ከለፍለፍን ዘይምኽኑይ ኢድ ኣእታውነቱ ኣብ ውግእ ትግራይን ድሮ ህይወት ብዙሓት መንእሰያትን ንብረት ህዝቢ ኤርትራን ኣኽፊሉና ምህላዉ ውሁብ እዩ። እቲ ክስዕብ ዝኽእል ዘስገኣና ዋጋ ምውጋዱ ኮነ ምንካዩ ከኣ ብቃልስና ዝውሰን እዩ።
እቲ ከሻቕለናን ከተሓሳስበናን ዝግበኦ ካልእ ጉዳይ፡ እቲ ብሰንኪ ኢትዮጵያዊ መግዛእቲ ካብ 1967 ጀሚሩ ካብ ኤርትራውያን ዘይለቐቐ ስደትን መሪር ሳዕቤናቱን እዩ። ስደት ኤርትራውያን ብሰንክቲ ጉጅለ ህግደፍ ፊን ኣብ ዘዝበሎ ዝጽሕትሮ ውግኣት ክሳብ ሎሚ ኣይተገትአን። ስደት ኣብዚ እዋንዚ እዋናዊ ቀዳምነትና ዝኾነሉ ከኣ፡ ሃለዋት ኤርትራውያን ኣብ ኢትዮጵያን፡ ብፍላይ ድማ ኣብቲ ውግእ ዝካየደሉ ዘሎ ክልል ትግራይ ኣብ መደበር ስደተኛታት፡ ሽመልባ፡ ሕንጻጽ፡ ማይ ዓይንን ዓዲ ሓርሽን እዩ። እዚ መደበር ስደተኛታት ካብ ቀደሙ ስግኣትን ናይ ቀረባት ዋሕድን ዘይተፈልዮ ምንባሩ ዝዝከር እዩ ። እዚ ሎሚ ዝያዳ ዓሪጉ ዘሎ ስግኣት ከምቲ “ጠባይ መደበር ስደተኛ እዩ” ኢልና ክንሓልፎ ዝጸናሕና ኣይኮነን። እቲ መደበራት ስደተኛ ዝርከበሉ ከባቢ ቀጻሊ ውግእ ዝካየደሉ ዘሎ ብምዃኑ ኣይኮነንዶ ንዓና ሰብ ጉዳይ፡ ንዓለም እውን ኣሻቒሉ ዘሎ እዩ። ኣብዚ ውግእ ሓይልታት ምክልኻል ኤርትራ ይሳተፍ ስለ ዘሎን ጉጅለ ህግድፍ ኣብ ልዕሊቶም ራሕሪሐምዎ ዝተሰዱ መንእሰያት ሕነ ካብ ምፍዳይ ድሕር ከምዘይብል ስለ እንፈልጥ ሻቕሎትና ዝያዳ ክኸውን ግድን እዩ። ስግኣትን ሻቕሎትን ጥራይ ዘይኮነ ብግብሪ’ውን ብሰንክዚ ውግእ ኤርትራውያን ስደተኛታት ግዳይ ኮይኖም ከም ዘለዉ ከካብ ኩርናዑ ስግኣታት ይቃልሑ ኣለዉ።
ኣብዚ መደበር ስደተኛታት ብፍላይ ካብ 30 ሕዳር 2020 ንደሓር ሕክምና ኮነ ዝቕመስን ዝለሓስን የለን። ናይቶም ስደተኛታት ንብረት ዝርካቡን ናይቲ መደበራት ኣብያተ-ጽሕፈትን እውን ተዘሚቱ እዩ። እቲ ብሕጊ ዘይምራሕን ሕጊ ዘየኽብርን ጉጅለ ህግዲፍ ካብዚ መደበራት ስደተኛታት መንእሰያት ብሓይሊ ገፊፉ ናብ ኤርትራ ክወስድ እዩ ዝብል ስግኣት ሰማይ ዓሪጉ ዘሎ ስግኣት እዩ። ንመደብር ሽመልባ ጠቒሶም ብግብሪ ወሲዱ ኣብ ባረንቱን ከባቡኡን ኣስፊርዎም ዝብሉ ወገናት እውን ኣለዉ። ላዕለዋይ ኮሚሽን ጉዳይ ስደተኛታትን ካልኦት ሰብኣዊ ትካላትን ናይቲ መደበራት ደሃይ ዝፈልጥሉ መንገዲ ስለ ዝተዓጽወ ኣብ ሻቕሎት ኣለዉ። ኣብቲ መደበራት ሰብኣዊ ኣገልግሎት ይህቡ ናይ ዝነበሩ ትካላት ኣባላት ኣብ ሽረ ከም እተቐትሉ እውን ይንገር ኣሎ። ካብ ኤርትራውያን ስደተኛታት እውን ኣብ ከባቢ’ቲ መደበራት ብሰንኪ ዝተኻየደ ውግእ ዝሞቱን ዝትወግኡን ከም ዘለዉ ተፈሊጡ ኣሎ።
ዓቕሎም ዝጸበቦም ኣብቲ መደበራት ዝነበሩ ኤርትራውያን ስደተኛታት “ነብሰይ ኣውጽእኒ” ብዝብል ብሓፈሻ ናብ ሱዳን ሓዊስካ፡ ናብ ኩሉ ኩርንዓት፡ ብፍላይ ከኣ ብመንገዲ ማይ ጸብሪ፡ ለማልሞ፡ ዳባትን ጐንደርን ብዝረኸብዎ ኣጋጣሚ ብእግሪ ይኹን ብመጐዓዝያ፡ ናብ ማእከል ኢትዮጵያ ክኸዱ ዝፈተኑ ብዙሓት እዮም። በዚ ፈተነኦም ክሳብ ኣዲስ ኣበባ ዝበጽሑ ኣለዉ። ኣዝዮም ብዙሓት ከኣ ኣማኢት ብር ጨቐቕ ኢሎም ከፊሎም፡ ናብ ኣዲስ ኣበባ ገጾም ብኣውቶቡሳት እንዳተጓዕዙ ካብ ከባብታት ዓደርቃይ፡ ደባርቕ፡ ዳባትን ጐንደርን ብወተሃደራዊ ሓይሊ ተገዲዶም “ድሕሪ ሕጂ ክንሕልወኩም ኢና” ብዝብል ሸፈጥ፡ ናብቲ ውሕስነት ስለ ዝሰኣንሉ ዝገደፍዎ ናይ ትግራይን ኣምሓራን ፍሉያት ሓይልታትን መልሻን ዝዋግእሉ ዘለዉ ዝባደመ መደበራት ዝተመልሱ ኣለዉ።
ስለዚ ጉዳይ ኤርትራውያን ስደተኛታት ኣብ ኢትዮጵያ ኣዝዩ ተሃዋሲ ስለ ዝኾነ፡ እዋናዊ ቀዳምነትና ጌርና ክንወስዶ ይግበኣና። ቅድሚ ኩሉ ናብ ኤርትራ ከይዶም ግዳይ ማእሰርትን ቅትለትን ከይኮኑ ነቲ ዝምልከቶም ኣካላት ዘስምዕዎ ዘለዉ ምሕጽንታ ከነራጉዶ ንጽዓት። ካብዚ ሓሊፍና ዝዕንገልሉ ዕድል ንምፍጣር ከምቲ ሰልፊ ዲሞክራሲ ህዝቢ ኤርትራ (ሰዲህኤ) ነዚ ጉዳይዚ ብዝምልከት “ኣብ’ዛ ፈታኒት እዋን እዚኣ ነዞም ኣብ ሓደጋ ዝርከቡ ስደተኛታት ዜጋታትና ኣድላዪ ሓገዝን ሓለዋን ክግበረሎም ንኹሎም ብቐረባ ዝምልከቶምን ንኣህጉራዊ ሕብረተሰብ ብሓፈሻን ኣጥቢቕና ንሓትት። ነቶም ካብ ናይ ውግእ ዞባ ወጻኢ፡ ኣብ ካልእ ቦታታት ኢትዮጵያ ዘለዉ ድማ ንድሕነቶም ህጹጽ ኣቓልቦን ደገፍን ክግበረሎም ምሕጽንታና ነቕርብ።” ዝበሎ፡ ካባና ዝሓሸ ዓቕምን ድምጽን ምስ ዘለዎም ሓቢርና “ኣለናልኩም” ዝብል ድምጽና ነስምዕ። ኩለን ኤርትራውያን ፖለቲካዊ ሓይልታትን ህዝባዊ ምንቅስቓሳትን ብተናጸል ኮነ ብእኩብ፡ ድምጸን ከስምዓን ተጽዕኖአን ከዛይዳን እዋኑዩ።
ኣንታ ወትሩ በትሪ ጉጅለ ህግደፍ ኮይንካ ህዝብኻ ከይትብድል እሞ ደሓር ከየጣዕሰካ እነተሓሳስበካ ሓይልታት ምክልኻል ኤርትራ፡ ሎሚ እውን ኣስተውዕል። ኣበይን ምእንቲ ምንታይ ትዋጋእ ከም ዘለኻ፡ ዋላ ተደንጐየ ኣይሓለፈን እሞ ሎሚ’ውን ሕሰበሉ። ኣብ ዘይጉዳይካ ኣንጻር ህወሓት ናይ ምውጋእ ጉጉይ መንገዲ ተጐዝጒዝካ፡ ኣብ ልዕሊ ዓለም ለኻዊ ዑቕባ ዘለዎም ኣሕዋትካን ኣሓትካን ኤርትራውያን ስደተኛታት፡ ብህግደፍ ናይ ዝፍጸም በደል ኢደበይዛ ኣይትኹን። ጽባሕ ካብ ምጠዓስ ሎሚ ሕሰብ። እንዳ ረኣኻ እንዳሰማዕካ ትወስዶ ንዘለኻ ስጉምቲ፡ ኩሉ ግዜ ነቲ ጉጅለ ጥራይ ኣላጊብናሉ እንሓልፍ ኣይኮነን። ለኣኻይ ናቱ እጃም ኣለዎ። ተዓሚቱ ዘዝተላእኮ ዘዕኑ ኣካል’ውን ብጽሒት ከም ዘለዎ ኣይትዘንግዕ። ስለዚ ከምቲ ስምካ ዝሕብሮ፡ ናይ ህዝብኻ ተኸላኻሊ እምበር ናይቲ ጉጅለ ተለኣኣኺ ኣይትኹን።
![UNHCR and other aid agencies have not had access to the four main camps hosting for Eritrean refugees [File: Tiksa Negeri/Reuters]](https://www.aljazeera.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/04/d488b21e4a6b4d1bb3b04c7faee0a612_18.jpeg?resize=770%2C513)
UNHCR and other aid agencies have not had access to the four main camps hosting for Eritrean refugees [File: Tiksa Negeri/Reuters]
The United Nations refugee agency (UNHCR) said it has received an “overwhelming” number of reports about Eritrean refugees in Tigray being killed, abducted or forcibly returned to Eritrea since fighting in Ethiopia’s northernmost region began more than a month ago.
“If confirmed, these actions would constitute a major violation of international law,” UNHCR head Filippo Grandi said in a statement on Friday, adding his agency has met some refugees in Ethiopia’s capital, Addis Ababa.
“It is vital that Eritrean refugees be able to move to safe locations, and receive protection and assistance wherever possible, including outside of Tigray, given the traumatic events they report to have witnessed or survived,” he added.
UNHCR and other aid agencies have not had access to the four main camps hosting for Eritrean refugees – Shimelba, Hitsats, Mai-Ayni and Adi Harush – inside Tigray, since fighting erupted in early November between the government and the region’s former ruling Tigray People’s Liberation Front (TPLF).
Ethiopia’s army has captured the regional capital Mekelle and declared victory, but TPLF leaders said they are fighting back on various fronts around the highland city. Most communications in Tigray are down and access to the area is severely restricted, making it hard to verify either side’s statements.
TPLF leader Debretsion Gebremichael said in text messages to Reuters News Agency this month that Eritrean soldiers had raided two camps in Tigray and abducted some residents, but provided no evidence. Eritrea has denied this.
The refugees living in camps in Ethiopia near the border of their homeland are in an especially precarious position. Eritreans often leave to escape mandatory, indefinite military service and repression or search for better opportunities out of what has long been one of the world’s most isolated countries.
Earlier this week, Ethiopia’s government admitted federal troops fired at and briefly detained UN workers in Tigray region, blaming them for trying to reach areas where “they were not supposed to go”.
In his statement on Friday, Grandi called on the Ethiopian government to implement steps to ensure safe access for humanitarian workers in Tigray.
“Such access is urgently needed so we can provide desperately needed assistance to refugees and other vulnerable populations.”
Grandi’s statement came hours after Ethiopia’s government said it was returning Eritrean refugees to the Tigray camps, asserting that its recently completed military offensive against the forces loyal to TPLF “was not a direct threat” to the 96,000 Eritrean refugees registered in Ethiopia – even as aid groups said four staffers had been killed in the fighting, at least one in a refugee camp.
“A large number of misinformed refugees are moving out in an irregular manner,” the government said in a statement.
“The government is safely returning those refugees to their respective camps,” the statement said, adding that food was being transported to the camps.
The UNHCR was not informed of any planned relocation of refugees in Ethiopia, Babar Baloch, a UNHCR spokesman, told reporters in Geneva. He called the reports “alarming”.
He added, “While we cannot speculate at this time, any refoulement would be absolutely unacceptable.” Refoulement means forcing refugees to return to the country they fled from.
Ato Addisu, deputy head of Ethiopia’s state-run Agency for Refugee and Returnee Affairs, said, “A return to Eritrea would never happen unless they request by themselves – this is against international law”.
Approximately 580 refugees were on the buses to Tigray, he told Reuters.
The news agency reported receiving frantic calls from refugees in the capital who had been told they would be bused back to Tigray but feared they were being taken back to Eritrea.
“Please come, please come, the buses are here!” one woman yelled as children wept in the background. Another woman said Eritreans faced mounting hostility from Tigrayans who accuse Eritrea of sending troops into Ethiopia to help Prime Minister Abiy Ahmed’s government battle the TPLF.
Both countries have denied this, although the US State Department said on Thursday that it believes reports of Eritrean military involvement in the conflict in Ethiopia are “credible”.
“Some Tigrayan people beat up my husband,” the refugee said. “People there were saying – ‘your country is coming here and attacking us. So you – we will kill you too.’ We were getting so scared.”
The International Organization for Migration said it was “extremely concerned” about the refugees’ “forced” return and denied it was involved, saying Ethiopia took over one of its transit centres in Addis Ababa on December 3.
An Eritrean who lives in Ethiopia’s capital, Addis Ababa, told Al Jazeera last month the camps were in “big trouble”.
Even before the conflict, people there were complaining about poor services, and a lack of food or electricity, which led many refugees in the Tigray region to move to cities to try and find work.
Eritrea has long faced accusations of large-scale rights abuses. It has accused Western powers of smear campaigns and luring Eritreans abroad, which they have denied.
Source: IOM email
Friday December 11, 2020
IOM Refutes Allegations Eritreans Held, Processed for Forced Return
Geneva – The International Organization for Migration (IOM) strongly refutes allegations that a group of Eritrean refugees are being held by IOM and being processed for forced return in one of its transit centres in the Ethiopian capital, Addis Ababa. The Organization equally rejects allegations that IOM buses have been used to transport the refugees to an unknown destination.
One of three IOM centres in Addis Ababa was taken over by the Ethiopian Government’s Agency for Refugee and Returnee Affairs (ARRA) on 3 December. IOM has had no management authority, oversight or involvement in any activities undertaken by the authorities in the centre since that time.
IOM does not under any circumstances conduct the forced return of migrants and refugees. The Organization’s approach to return assistance for migrants relies on the pillars of protection, human rights and voluntariness and in full respect of International Law.
The Organization is extremely concerned about these reports and appeals to States to ensure the protection of all civilians, including migrants and refugees. International Law and its Conventions, including the Principle of Non-Refoulement, must be respected at all times.
For more information, please contact: Safa Msehli, IOM Spokesperson in Geneva; Tel: +41 79 403 5526, email: This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.
The United Nations and other aid agencies say they have been denied access to some 96,000 refugees in Tigray since fighting erupted on Nov. 4 between the government and a rebellious regional force. They are concerned about food and security in the camps, which they have not been permitted to visit since the conflict broke out.
The government says it has now defeated forces loyal to the region’s former ruling Tigray People’s Liberation Front (TPLF), and it is safe for refugees who fled to the capital Addis Ababa to return to Tigray.
“A large number of misinformed refugees are moving out in an irregular manner,” the government said in a statement on Friday.
“The government is safely returning those refugees to their respective camps,” the statement said, adding that food was being transported to the camps.
TPLF leaders say they are fighting back on various fronts. Claims by all sides in the conflict are near-impossible to verify because most communications to Tigray are down and the government tightly controls access.
Reuters received frantic calls from refugees in the capital who had been told they would be bussed back to Tigray but feared they were being taken back to Eritrea - the neighbouring country they originally fled.
“Please come, please come, the buses are here!” one woman yelled as children wept in the background.
Another woman said Eritreans faced mounting hostility from Tigrayans who accuse Eritrea of sending troops into Ethiopia to help Prime Minister Abiy Ahmed’s government battle the TPLF.
Both countries deny this, although the U.S. State Department said on Thursday it believes reports of Eritrean military involvement in the conflict in Ethiopia are “credible”.
“Some Tigrayan people beat up my husband,” the refugee said. “People there were saying – ‘your country is coming here and attacking us. So you - we will kill you too.’ We were getting so scared.”
Refugees may be facing additional dangers.
TPLF leader Debretsion Gebremichael said in text messages to Reuters this month that Eritrean soldiers had raided two camps in Tigray and abducted some residents, but provided no evidence. Eritrea denies this.
The U.N. High Commissioner for Refugees Filippo Grandi said on Friday the agency had received similar reports.
“Over the last month we have received an overwhelming number of disturbing reports of Eritrean refugees in Tigray being killed, abducted and forcibly returned to Eritrea. If confirmed, these actions would constitute a major violation of international law,” he said in a statement.
Eritrea has long faced accusations of large scale rights abuses. It accuses Western powers of smear campaigns and luring Eritreans abroad, which they deny.
France, Britain, Germany, the United States, Estonia and Belgium plan to raise the humanitarian situation in Tigray during a closed-door U.N. Security Council meeting Monday and have asked for a U.N. aid official to brief, diplomats said.
There are four main camps for Eritrean refugees in Tigray - Shimelba, Hitsats, Mai-Ayni and Adi Harush.
He added, “While we cannot speculate at this time, any refoulement would be absolutely unacceptable.” Refoulement means forcing refugees to return to the country they fled from.
Ato Addisu, deputy head of Ethiopia’s state-run Agency for Refugee and Returnee Affairs, said, “A return to Eritrea would never happen unless they request by themselves – this is against international law”.
Around 580 refugees were on the buses to Tigray, he told Reuters.
The prime minister’s office dismissed concerns that the war was preventing aid reaching civilians.
“Suggestions that humanitarian assistance is impeded due to active military combat ... within the Tigray region is untrue and undermines ... work to stabilise the region,” it said in a statement on Friday.
Reporting by Addis Ababa newsroom and Emma Farge in Geneva; Additional reporting by Nairobi newsroom and Michelle Nichols in New York; Writing by Tim Cocks; Editing by Alexandra Zavis, William Maclean and Frances Kerry
Ethiopian refugees rest and prepare food near UNHCR’s Hamdayet border reception centre after crossing into Sudan, 13 November 2020. © UNHCR/Hazim Elhag
This is a summary of what was said by UNHCR spokesperson Babar Baloch – to whom quoted text may be attributed – at today's press briefing at the Palais des Nations in Geneva.
UNHCR, the UN Refugee Agency, working with the local authorities, has now registered nearly 50,000 Ethiopian refugees who have crossed into eastern Sudan, with some reporting having to evade armed groups to reach safety.
Since 6 December, the number of refugees escaping ongoing conflict in the northern Tigray region have been trending downward to under 500 per day.
The recent groups coming from areas deeper inside Tigray are arriving weak and exhausted, some reporting they spent two weeks on the run inside Ethiopia as they made their way to the border.
They have told us harrowing accounts of being stopped by armed groups and robbed of their possessions. Many have spent time hiding in fields and bushes to avoid being spotted. Without access in Ethiopia we are unable to verify these disturbing reports.
UNHCR remains very worried about the safety and condition of the Eritrean refugees in Tigray that have been caught in the conflict and have had no access to services and supplies for more than a month. We echo the UN Secretary-General’s call for unfettered access to Tigray in order to reach people in need.
We repeat the joint UN call for all parties to allow freedom of movement to affected civilians seeking assistance, safety, and security within the Tigray region or outside the affected areas. This includes respecting and upholding the right to cross international borders to seek asylum.
Inside Sudan, UNHCR is working with the local authorities and partners, and continues to scale up its humanitarian response to assist Ethiopian refugees.
We have seen increasing requests for family tracing, as many were separated at the start of the conflict or during flight and have not been able to get in contact since. More medicines are needed, especially for those who were taking chronic medication for diabetes, HIV and other illness.
UNHCR and its partners also need support to preventCovid-19 outbreaks, including more handwashing stations, PPE kits and information campaigns as refugees continue to be in overcrowded conditions.
As of Wednesday (9 Dec.) the first of five additional chartered flights began bringing more urgently needed humanitarian supplies into Sudan. In total, the airlifts from Dubai and Nairobi will bring in some 3,225 tents, 75,000 blankets, 45,000 sleeping mats, 20,000 solar lamps, 17,000 mosquito nets and 8,250 plastic sheets. With these flights, we have airlifted 440 metric tonnes of humanitarian relief since 27 November.
UNHCR also continues to move refugees away from the border with some 14,000 relocated to the Um Rakuba refugee settlement so far.
UNHCR and partners have appealed for US$147 million to cover the needs and to support the government of Sudan, which continues to welcome and host refugees.
For more information on this topic, please contact:
The U.S. called for the immediate withdrawal of Eritrean troops from neighboring Ethiopia’s Tigray region, following “credible” reports of their involvement in a civil conflict.
Source: , Bloomberg News
The U.S. called for the immediate withdrawal of Eritrean troops from neighboring Ethiopia’s Tigray region, following “credible” reports of their involvement in a civil conflict.
The reports relate to an assault that Ethiopian Prime Minister Abiy Ahmed ordered on the northern regional state Nov. 4, after blaming it for an attack on a military base to try and steal weapons. Eritrea’s involvement would confirm that the conflict has become regional.
“This is a grave development,” a U.S. State Department spokesperson said in an emailed statement.
The U.S. adds credence to accusations by the former rulers of Tigray that Eritrea is supporting the Ethiopian army against them. United Nations officials said earlier they’ve observed troops wearing Eritrean uniforms in the region.
Abiy has stressed that the conflict in Tigray is an “internal affair” and a “law enforcement operation.” At the onset of the fighting, Abiy accused the Tigray People’s Liberation Front of manufacturing uniforms resembling those of Eritrea’s army to “implicate the Eritrean government in false claims of aggression against the people of Tigray.” Abiy’s spokesperson didn’t immediately respond to a message requesting comment on Friday.
Eritrea hasn’t commented on whether its forces are involved in the conflict. The nation’s information minister didn’t immediately respond to a message seeking comment.
The U.S. said it’s also aware of reports of human rights violations in the region, and called for an independent investigation of the matter.
“All parties must respect human rights and international humanitarian law,” the Sate Department said.
ኣብ መንጎ ሃገራት፡ ብሄራት፡ ሕበረተሰብኣዊ ጉጅለታት፡ ሰልፍታት፡ ውድባት ኮነ ውልቀሰባትን፡ ዝተፈላለየ ምኽንያታት ዝመንቀሊኡ ናይ ኣተሓሳስባ ፍልልያትን ምስሕሓባትን ከጋጥም ባህርያዊ እዩ። እዚ ኣብቶም ዝፈሓፍሑ ኣካላት ዘጋጥም ንጉዳያት ከከም ኣረኣእያኻ ካብ ምሓዝ ዝነቅል እዩ። ፍልልያት ንሰባት መናብርቶም እምበር፡ ዘሰንብድን ሃንደበት ዘጋጥምን ኣይኮነን። ለባማት ናይ ምስሕሓብን ናይ ኣተሓሳስባ ፍልልይን ንቡርነት ክገልጹ እንከለዉ፡ “ኣሽንባይዶ ሰብስ እምኒ ምስ እምኒ’ኳ ይጋጮ” ዝብሉ ካብዚ ነቒሎም እዮም።
እቲ ዘሰሓሕብ ጉዳይ መንቀሊኡ ኮነ ሸቶኡ ብዙሕ ኮይኑ፡ ፖለቲካዊ ልዕልናን ቁጠባዊ ረብሓን ምውሓስ ልዕልና ይሕዝ። እቶም ዝሰሓሓቡ፡ ኣብ ናይ መን ካብቲ ምስሕሓብ ረብሐ ህልኽ ክኣትዉ ልሙድ እዩ። እንተኾነ ክልቲኦም ወገናት ናይ ኣርሒቕካ ምርኣይን ናይቲ ምስሕሓብ ሳዕቤንን እንተተረዲኦም፡ እንተኸኣኢልካን ተጸዋዊርካን ዘይፍታሕ ወጥሪ የለን። ምናልባት ኣብ ነናቶም ምርጫ ጥራይ ሒዞም ኣብ “ወይ እታ ፈትሊ ትብተኽ ወይ እታ ዕንቊ ትስበር” ዕጽዊ ህልኽ እንተደቂቖም ግና እቲ ሳዕቤን ሓደገኛ እዩ ዝኸውን። እቲ ሓደገኛ ሳዕቤን ንኹሎም ዘረኻኽበሎም እምበር ኣብ ሓዲኦም ጥራይ ዝድረት ኣይኮነን።
ናይ ጐንጽን ምስሕሓብን ዝበልሐ ጥርዚ ውግእ እዩ። ውግእ ከይፈተኻ ተገዲድካ እትኣትዎ ናብ ቀጻሊ ፍታሕ ንምብጻሕ ተጽዕኖ እትፈጥረሉ እምበር፡ ናይ መወዳእታን ዘተኣማምንን ፍታሕ ኣይኮነን። ምኽንያቱ ናይ ዝኾነ ጐንጺ መወዳእታ ኣብ ዓውዲ ውግእ ዘይኮነ፡ ኣብ ዙርያ ጠረጴዛ ስለ ዝኸውን። ውግእ ብኹሎም በቶም ዝተሃላለኹ ጽቡቕ ድሌትን ቅሩብነትን እንተልዩ ምዕጋቱ ዘይከኣል ኣይኮነን። ሓዲኦም ካብቶም ዝዋጠጡ ቅሩብ እንተዘይኮይኑ ግና፡ ብሓደ ኢድካ ምጥቓዕ ከምዘይከኣል፡ ብጽቡቕ ድሌት ሓደ ኣካል ኣይወሓስን። እቲ መሰሉ ብመንገዲ ውግእ እንተዘይኮይኑ ካልእ መንገዲ ዝተዓጽዎ ወገን ናብ ፍትሓዊ ውግእ ክኣቱ ዝግደደሉ ኩነታት ኣሎ።
እቲ ህዝቢ ኤርትራ ኩሉ ናብ ውግእ ዘይወስድ መንገድታት ፈቲኑ ምስተዓጽዎ፡ ጐነጻዊ ቃልሲ ከካይድ ዝተገደዶ መስርሕ ቃልሲ ምእንቲ ናጽነት ብመንጽርዚ ዝረአ እዩ። ውግእ ብኹሉ መልክዑ ኣኽሳርን፡ ከምቲ “እምንስ ተወደቐትካ ኮነ፡ ተወደቕካያ ትሰብረካ።” ዝበሃል፡ ንሰዓራይ ኮነ ንተሰዓራይ ዘረኻኽበሉ እዩ። ኩሉ ኣብ ከባቢና ቀደም ዝተኻየደ ኮነ፡ ሎሚ ዝካየድ ዘሎ ውግኣት ዝምስክሮ ሓቂ ከኣ ንሱ እዩ። ውግእ ዘለኣለማዊ ስኒትን ሰላምን ኣየውሕስን እዩ። ካብቲ ውግእ “ተረባሕቲ ኢና” በሃልቲ ግና ነቲ ክሳራ ሓቢኦም፡ ከምቲ ጠላም ኢሳያስ ዝበሎ “ኣይከሰርናን” እንዳበሉ ነብሶም ከደዓዕሱ ልሙድ እዩ።
ውግእ ምስ ተኣጉደ ኣብቶም ስሞም ገኒኑ ዝጽዋዕ ጀመርቲ ጥራይ ኣይድረትን እዩ። ኣብቲ ውግእ ነናቶም ሕሳብ ዘለዎም ናይ ቀረባን ርሑቕን ዘራያት እውን ይሳተፍዎ እሞ መሊሱ ይጉህር። ኣብዚ እዋንዚ ዝካየዱ ዘለዉ ናይ ሱርያ፡ የመንን ሊቢያን ውግኣት መነመን ጀሚረምዎ፡ ደሓርከ በዓል መን የጋድድዎ ኣለዉ ምዕዛብ ይከኣል። ኣብዚ ጐረቤትና ትግራይ ዝካየድ ዘሎ ሓድሽ ውግእ እውን፡ ካብዚ ዝተፈልየ መልክዕን ዕድልን የብሉን። ድሮ ኤርትራን ሕቡራት ዓረብ ኤምረትን ኣብ ውግእ ትግራይ፡ ብሰራዊት ድዩ ብኣጽዋር ከም ዝተሳተፋ ይኽሰሳ ኣለዋ ጥራይ ዘይኮነ፡ ብፍላይ ናይ ኤርትራ ብግብሪ እውን ተረጋጊጹ እዩ። ብዙሓት ኤርትራውያን ስድራቤታት ኣባላት ሓይልታት ምክልኻል ደቆም ናብ ውግእ ትግራይ ስለ ዝኣተዉ ብሻቕሎት ተዋሒጦም ኣለዉ። ነዚ ሓቂ ጓሲና ሰራዊ ኤርትራ ኣብቲ ውግእ ከም ዝኣትወ፡ ዓበይቲ ማዕከናት ዜና ወይ ፖለቲከኛታት ተዓዘብቲ ከጻርዩልና ንጽበየሉ ምኽንያት የብልናን። ናይ ሱዳን ናብ ኢትዮጵያ ውጥም ቅልቅል እውን ናይቲ ውግእ ናይ ምስፋሕ ምልከትዩ ዝመስል።
እቶም ንህዝቢ ዘየረብሕ፡ ዘየርብሕ ጥራይ ዘይኮነ ንመጻኢ’ውን መዘዝ ዘምጸኣሉ ክነሱ፡ ንናቶም ዝናን ጸቢብ ረብሓን ኣብ ናይ ዘራይ ውግእ ዝኣትዉ ወገናት እቲ ክሳራ ኣብኣቶም ዝድረት ዘይኮነ ናይ ህዝብን ሃገርን ዕዳ እዩ። ንኣብነት ጉጅለ ህግዲፍ ኣብ ጉዳይ የመን ዘራይ ኣትዩ። መራሕ እቲ ጉጅለ ከኣ፡ ሳላ ዘራይ ኮይኑ ዝኣተወ በቶም ዝዘረየሎም ተነኢዱን ተመጒሱን። ኣብዚ ናይ ኢትዮጵያ ውግእ እውን ኣትዩ ኣሎ። ምናልባት ካብ ኤርትራውያን ዝሰኣኖ ደገፍ ካብ ደገ ማእሪሩ፡ ዕደመ ስልጣኑ ናይ ምንዋሕ ዕድል ይውስኸሉ ይኸውን። ህዝቢ ኤርትራ ግና ካብ ናይ የመን ኮነ ናይ ትግራይ ውግእ ክሳራን ኣራግጽን እምበር ዝረኽቦ ረብሓ የብሉን። ከምዚ ካብ ኮነ ከምቲ ሰልፊ ዲሞክራሲ ህዝቢ ኤርትራ (ሰዲህኤ)፡ ኣብዚ ቀረባ ግዜ ኣብ ዘውጸኦ መግለጺኡ “ስርዓት ህግደፍ ንባዕዳውያን ሓይልታት ናብ መሬትና ከምዝኣትዉ ምግባሩ ከይኣኽሎ፣ ንሰራዊት ኤርትራ’ውን ብዘይድልየቱን እምነቱን……ኣብ ዘይምልከቶ ውግእ ኣእትዩ ንኸቢድ ሓደጋ ኣቃሊዕዎ። ……………ስለ’ዚ፡ ብሓደ ወገን እቲ ሰራዊት ባዕሉ ካብቲ ኣትዩዎ ዘሎ ዘይቅኑዕ ውግእ ነብሱ ከውጽእ ክጽዕር፣ ብኻልእ ወገን ድማ፡ ህዝቢ ኤርትራ እዞም ኣብ ዘይምልከቶም ውግእ ተኣጒዶም ዘለዉ ደቁ ብዝቐልጠፈ እዋን ናብ ሃገሮም ክምለሱ ብኹሉ ዝከኣሎ መገድታት ክቃለስ ጻውዒትና ነቕርብ።” ዝበሎ፡ ህዝቢ ኤርትራ ነዚ ሓደገኛ ኢድ ኣእታውነት እውን ከም ኣካል ናይቲ ምእንቲ ለውጢ ዘካይዶ ዘሎ ዘቤታዊ ቃልሲ ክሕዞ ይግበኦ።
ሓይልታት ምክልኻል ኤርትራ፡ ኣብቲ ውግእ ምስታፉ ጥራይ ዘይኮነ፡ ብዝምታ ንብረት እውን ብብዙሓት ወገናት ይሕመን ይኽሰስን ኣሎ። እዚ ክሲ ምጽራይ ከም ዘድልዮ ርዱእ ኮይኑ፡ እንተደኣ ውዒልዎ ግና ንዓኡ ጥራይ ዘይኮነ፡ ንምስሊ ናይቲ “ናቱ ዘይህብ ዘይናቱ ግና ዘይደሊ” ህዝቢ ኤርትራ እውን ዝድውን እዩ። መግለጺ ሰዲህኤ፡ በዚ ብዛዕባ ዝምታ ንብረት ምክልኻል ሓይልታት ኤርትራ ኣብ ውግእ ትግራይ ሻቕሎት ስለ ዝሓደሮ እዩ፡ “ሰልፍና ንዝዀነ ይኹን ኣብ ልዕሊ ህዝቢ ዝግበር ዝምታን ሲቪላዊ ዓመጽን ኣይቅበልን። ……… ኣየናይ ሸነኽ ይገብሮ ብዘየገድስ ዝዀነ ሰብ ካብ ናይ ዝምታን ዓመጽን ተግባራት ክቑጠብ ኣጥቢቕና ነተሓሳስብ።” ዝበለ።
(London 11/12/2020) Arbi Harnet (Freedom Friday) has received disturbing information from Addis Ababa the capital of Ethiopia.
The news relates to around 300 Eritrean refugees who fled the fighting in Tigray.
Some were working in various capacities in Tigray region and some are from the refugee camps that are home to thousands of Eritrean refugees.
Once in Addis they were detained at the offices of International Organisation for Migration in the area of Bole in Addis and have been threatened with forced return to Eritrea.
The process is presented as voluntary return and they are being held in the voluntary return registration centre of IOM.
In a message smuggled out of the centre the refugees have asked for help in stopping this injustice that is about to be perpetrated against them. They asked for pressure on IOM to not be complicit to this crime of returning them to the brutal regime they had fled from.
Many in the group had arrived in Tigray in the last couple of years and some have been taking advantage of the opportunity to work and settle in the region and live outside the refugee camps.
If returned to Eritrea they will be considered absconders from the national service and be punished for that and the circumstances under which they fled.
In addition, under the current circumstances of active war with Tigray that Eritrea is participating in together with the Federal government of Ethiopia, they might even be considered as agents and collaborators as they had been living and working in Tigray.
Arbi harnet believes that this return that is being orchestrated by the Federal Government of Ethiopia is against the principle of “non-refoulement” which prohibits States from transferring or removing individuals from their jurisdiction when there are grounds for believing that the person would be at risk of irreparable harm upon return, including persecution, torture, ill treatment or other serious human rights violations.
The Group calls for UNHCR to intervene and protect the refugees in accordance to the refugee convention and prevent their return to a certain ill-treatment in Eritrea.
IOM should also be aware that none of the refugees have consented to this return and thus their return is a contravention of their stated objectives.
