ቀዳም ዕለት 30 ሕዳር ዞባ ሰሜን ኣመሪካ ናይ ምሉእ ኣባላት ናይ ተለኮንፈረንስ ኣኼባ ኣካይዱ። እዚ ስፍሓት ኣባላትን፡ ገለ ካብ ኣባላት ፈጻሚት ሽማግለን፡ ገለ ካብ ኣባላት ማእከላይ ሽማግለን ዝተሳተፍዎ ኣኼባ ኣብዘን ዝስዕባ ኣጀንዳታት ተዛቲዩን ወሲኑን፤

1. ህልው ኵነታት፣ ኣቦ መንበር ሰልፊ ንህልዊ ኵነታት ሰልፍን፡ ከኣባዊ ርክባት ምስ ደለይቲ ፍትሒ ፖለቲካውያን ውድባትን ብሰፊሕ ገሊጹ። ኣስዒቡውን ሰልፊ ዲሞክራሲ ህዝቢ ኤርትራ ኣብ ሃገር ሽወደን ዝተጋበኤ ናይ ዓለም-ለኻዊ ምሕዝነት ገስገስቲ ማሕበራት (Progressive Alliance) ኣኼባ ከም መስራቲ ሰልፊ ከምዝተኻፈለ ሓቢሩ። ከምኡውን ኣብ ወርሒ ታሕሳስ ዝጋባእ ናይ ሃገር ጀርመን ሶሻል ዲሞክራሲያዊ ሰልፊ (German Social Democratic Party) ብውክልነት ክሳተፍ ምዃኑ ሓቢሩ።

2. ጉባኤ ዞባ፣ ብመሰረት ሳልሳይን ሓባራውን ጉባኤ፡ ዞባ ሰሜን ኣመሪካ ዝወሰኖ ንምትግባር ዝተጀመረ ናይ ጨንፈራት ጉባኤ ክምዝተዛዘመ ተገንዚቡ። ናይ ዞባ ጉባኤ ንምትግባር ከኣ ኣኼበኛ ኣድላዪ ውሳኔታት ኣሕሊፉ።

3. ገንዘባውን ሚድያን፣ ኣኼበኛ ንሰልፊ ንምሕያል ኣብ ገንዘባውን ሚድያን ኣድለይቲ ውሳኔታት ኣሕሊፉ።

4.  ህዝባዊ ምንቅስቓስ ይኣክል፣ ኣኼበኛ ንህዝባዊ ምቅስቓስ ይኣክል ከምዝድግፍን፡ ኣብ ነፍሲ-ወከፍ ከተማ ኣባል ህዝባዊ ምንቅስቓስ ይኣክል ኮይኑ ንጨፍላቒ ስርዓት ዕምሩ ንምሕጻር ከምዝንቀሳቓስ ኣንጺሩ።

ክንዕወት ኢና!

ቤት-ጽሕፈት ዜና ዞባ ሰሜን ኣሜሪካ

1 ታሕሳስ 2019

Formulärets nederkant

The most difficult period is the interim period – the period between the fall of dictatorship and build democracy

How much are our people are conscious to build a democratic state accommodating all the rights of the diversity.

The struggle for democracy is not only to replace the dictatorship but next stage is how to build a democratic society that can manage its differences with equality and justice.

 Liberty, equality, brethren and justice must be our motto!!!!!!!!!!

The case of interim –constitution and permanent constitution.

What is the difference between interim and permanent constitution.
Interim –constitution is a legal framework providing a basis for the democratic transition.
Interim or provisional or transitional are the various names given to the period from the fall of dictatorship to the permanent constitution.
In this article I will deal with

Why interim constitution is needed in Eritrea after the fall of the dictatorship. 

Why interim constitution is an issue for discussion at this time

The issue of constitution is the first issue that comes immediately after the fall of the dictatorship. The new democratic system will require an interim- constitution that establishes the desired framework of the transition from the fall of the dictatorship to the establishment of the permanent constitution.

Interim –constitution is supposed to govern during the transitional period – from the fall of dictatorship until the permanent constitution established.

It comes into effect when the regime falls and is handed over to a caretaker government composed the sovereignty of all political organizations. The interim –constitution will function as a basic law during the year of transition until an elected Assembly can draw up a permanent constitution inside the fixed time.

Constitutions are the supreme laws of the nation designed to manage the internal conflict of the Eritrean diversity. They must be arranged in a way that provides the people the opportunity to discuss on their fundamental rights and freedoms not granted by those who were in power.

The Eritrean people must  discuss on them freely and democratically.

The 1997 constitution drafted but not implemented/defunct was under the control of dictatorship. It was not people’s constitution but a one mans constitution and later called a worthless paper and was thrown away by the self- appointed president. If it was of the people why didn’t they defend their constitution and fight against the dictatorship?

An interim constitution is the transitional basic law of the transitional caretaker government until the permanent constitution is drafted and processed. The reason why this issue is crucial and conflict issue is because there is no common understanding what kind of constitution unitary or federal constitution will be suitable to manage conflicts in Eritrea? Eritrea has never ruled under the law since independence and the road map of transition must focus also on the period from the fall of dictatorship up to the building of constitutional government guaranteeing security and safety for all its citizens.

Here , I would like to quote Gene Sharps arguments. Gene Sharp in his book, “ From Dictatorship to Democracy” says that,

“In the interest of preserving the democratic system an impending dictatorial trends and measures, the constitution should preferably be one that establishes a federal system with significant prerogatives reserved for the regional, state, and local levels of government”

In Eritrea there are no functioning constitutions either unitary or federal. Therefore the need for interim constitution is of crucial importance. Those who ignore interim arrangements their aim is to establish themselves as new dictators under the 1997 constitution that was drafted under dictatorship without no freedoms.

Our struggle is not only to remove the dictatorship but looking forward how to arrange the period of transition from dictatorship to permanent constitution.

The Key features of the interim constitution:

• • Directive principles of the state/ State structure
• • Citizenship
• • Fundamental Rights & Duties
• • Fundamental freedoms
• • Interim Legislature
• • Interim- Government
• • Interim Court
• • Interim security provisions
• • Constitutional bodies
• • Autonomous and local administrations
• • Constituent Assembly
• • Transitional Justice and reconciliation
• • Other miscellaneous provisions

Transition from dictatorship to democracy is both fighting the dictatorship and at the same time laying the foundations for democratic transition.

For most of Eritreans in the opposition or those who support the dictatorship constitution means for them like a bible that comes from the heavens. Why do we need interim legal framework from the fall of the dictatorship to permanent constitution must be one of our agendas and prepare for it while struggling to topple the tyranny.

Constitution Building and its role in conflict management

Constitutional arrangements provide us an important opportunity to manage our internal and external conflicts. When designing a legal framework citizens identify the fundamental values they believe in and the sort of institutions by which they want to be governed. This may involve inclusive and participatory national deliberation resulting in agreements that establish the country’s basic law. Does the 1997 constitution provide us the opportunity to manage our internal and external conflicts? Let us our constitution law makers discuss on it.

References,

SIDA- Swedish International Development Agency, Democratization and armed conflicts

Gene Sharp, From Dictatorship to Democracy

IDEA- Constitution building and Electoral Assitance

“ሓሳውስ ምስክሩ የርሕቕ” ይብል ምስላ ኣበው። ጋዜጣ ሓዳስ ኤርትራ ኣብ ናይ መበል 29  ዓመት ቁ.76 ናይ ዕለት 28 ሕዳር 2019 ሕታማ፥ ኣብ ዘውጸኣቶ ጋዜጣዊ መግለጺ”ዕብዳን ቐጠርን ውጥን ኲናት 2019ን” ብዝብል ዝጸሓፈቶ ኣብ ታሕቲ ሰፊሩ ዘሎ እዩ።

“ቐጠር፡ ኣብ’ዚ ዝሓለፈ ዓመታት፡ ካብ መሬት ሱዳን ኣንጻር ህዝብን መንግስትን ኤርትራ ተበግሶ ብዛዕባ ዝነበረት ተጻብኦታት ዝተዋህበ መግለጺታት ዝዝከር’ዩ። ሱዳን ከም መድረኽ ሽበራዊ ሸርሕታት እናጸበበ ኣብ ዝኸደሉ ዘሎናዮ ዓመት፡ ዕብዳን ቐጠር፡ ኣሸቀልታን ከደምታን እናዓረገ ስለዝኸደ፡ ሓድሽ ውጥን ቐጠር፡ እዚ ስዒቡ ዘሎ 10 ነጥብታት ዝሓዘ ሰነድ’ዩ።

እቲ ውጥን፡ ኣብ’ዚ 10 ነጥብታት ከይተሓጽረ፡ ናይ ምብራቕ ሱዳን “ቀቢላዊ ምንቛት” ዘጠቓልል’ውን እዩ።

1. ፖለቲካውያን መራሕቲ ተቓወምቲ ስርዓት ኤርትራ ብምእካብ፡ መሳርዖም ኣስሚርካ ምድጋፎም።
2. ኣተኲሮ ናብ ኤርትራውያን መንእሰያት፡ ኣንጻር ስርዓት ኤርትራ ምንዕዓቦም፡ መሳርዖም ከኣ ምውዳብ።
3. ካብ እስላማውያን ተቓወምቲ ንስርዓት ኤርትራ ብምጥቃም፡ ኣብ ውሽጦም ሃይማኖታዊ ክብርታት ብምዝራእ/ብምስራጽ፡ ሃይማኖታዊ ቅኒት ምህራም፡ ንኣስላም ኣንጻር ካልኦት ምንዕዓብ።
4. ኣብ ውሽጢ ህዝቢ ኤርትራ፡ ቀቢላዊ ጽልኢ ምዝራእ።
5. ጽርግያ ኤርትራ፡ ኣንጻር ስርዓት ኤርትራ ተቓውሞታትን ኣድማታትን ምእንቲ ኪገብር፡ ንምድፍፋእ ምፍታን።
6. ንስርዓት ኤርትራ ዝቃወሙ ሓይልታት “ኣል’እኽዋን ኣልሙስልሚን”፡ ኣብ ዓውዲታት ነተጒትን ምውዳድ ድብያታትን ቅትለት ኣገደስቲ ሰባትን ምስልጣኖም፡ ምድጋፎምን ምድላዎምን። ካብኡ ናብ ኤርትራ ሰዲድካ ስርሒታት ከምዝፍጽሙ ምግባር።
7. ናይ ስርዓት ኤርትራ ጸለውቲ መራሕቲ ምቕንጻል።
8. ኣብ ኤርትራ ዘሎ ቁጠባዊ ከባቢታት ምዕናው።
9. ተጻባኢ ዜና ምጽዓቕ።
10. ኣብ ውሽጢ ኣህጉራዊ ውድባትን ናይ ወጻኢ ሃገራትን፡ ንፍጹም ስእነት ሰብኣዊ መሰል ኣብ ሃገረ ኤርትራ ምግዋሕን፡ ሰነዳትን ቪድዮታትን ምስናቖምን። ዓጀብ ዘብል ውጥን!

(እቲ ንምብራቓዊ ሱዳን ዝምልከት “ቀቢላዊ ምንቛት”ን ዝርዝራቱን፡ ኣብ ቀጻሊ መግለጺታት ክቐርብ’ዩ።) ዓወት ንሓፋሽ! ሚኒስትሪ ዜና ኣስመራ - 28 ሕዳር 2019”

ቅድሚ ገለ መዓልትታት ኣብ ሱዳን ንናይ ዓሊ ቢታይ ብመንግስቲ ኤርትራ ዝተገብረሉ ሕክምናዊ ወጻኢታት  ንወጻኢ ከይዱ ከምዝተሓከመ  ዜናታት ሱዳን ገሊጸነኦ ነይረን። ስዒቡ ድማ ገለ ውድባት እቲ ቀደም ኣብ ኣስመራ ብጉዳይ ናይ ምብራቓዊ ሱዳን ዝነበረ ናይ ሰላም ስምምዓት ዝተፈራረሙን ብኡ መሰረት ከምዝጎዓዙን እውን ተወሳኺ ዜና ተዋሂቡ። ስርዓት ኢሰያስ ብኹሉ ጎድንታቱ ደጊም ኣብ ናይ ተስፋ ምቚራጽ ምእታው ዘርኢ ምልክታት እዩ።

ቅድም ክብል ንኹሉ ሓጢኣት ኣብ ልዕሊ ክሳድ መንግስቲ ኣመሪካ ብምውራድ እንታይ ዘይበለ። ንእስራኤል ውን ሓንሳብ ሸበብ ኣቢሉዋ ነይሩ። ሎሚ ድማ ኣንጻር ቐጠር ዛዝዩ ነዚ ልዕል ኢሉ ብመግለጺ መልክዕ ወጺኡ ዘሉ ክኸስስ ይርከብ። ንምዃኑ እዚ ጨቛኒ ስርዓት እዝስ ኣብ ልዕሊ ህዝቡ ዝፍጽሞ ዘሎ ግፍዕን መከራን ጨኾናንከ እዞም ከም መፋወኒ ዘቕርቦም ዘለዉ ዲዮም ከምኡ ግበር ኢሎሞ? ወይ ነቲ ንሱ ኣብ ልዕሊ ህዝቢ ዝፍጽሞ ዘሎ ግፍዕን ጭፍጨፋን ብርግጽ ንህዝቢ ኤርትራ ዘርብሕን ዝሰርሕን ኮይኑ ዲዩ ዝስመዖ ዘሎ? ብሓቂ ዘስደምም እዩ።

እቲ በብግዚኡ ንስልጣኑ ዘናውሕን፥ ኣብ ቀርኒ ኣፍሪቃ ጎብለል ኮይኑ ክዕንትርን ብማለት ዝገብሮ ዝነበረ ምትኹታዃት ኩሉ ምስ ፈሸሎ ኣመሪካ ዘርያትኒ፥ ኢስራኤል ሰልያትኒ፥ ቐጠር ደገመትኒ ክብል ለይቲ ምስ መዓልቲ የህተፍትፍ ኣሎ። እዚ ናይ ምብራቕ ሱዳን ቀቢላዊ ምንቛት ንሱ ባዕሉ ንጨቛኒ ስርዓት ዑመር በሺር ከዳኽም ክብል ዝፈጠሮ ክንሱ፡ ከመይ ኢሉ ኢዩ ናብ ቐጠር ዘሳብቦ ዘሎ።

እቲ ሰራዊት ምክልኻል ሃገረ ኤርትራ ዘይረኸቦ ሓለፋታትን ብጥሙይ ከብዱን ጥራይ ዝባኑን ፥ ንመንግስቲ ኢትዮጵያ ድቃስ ዝኸልኡ ተቓወምቲ ውድባት እናዓንገለ ኣብ መሬት አርትራ ዝሕብሕብ ዝነበረ ረሲዕዎ ድዩ ንቐጠር ዘላግበላ። መን ድዩ ናይ ቅንጸላታትን ሽበራን ተግባራት ዘካይድ ዝነበረን ዘሎን? ርሑቕ ከይከድና ኣብዚ ቀረባ መዓልቲ ንናይ ኣሰና ረድዮን ተለቪዝዮንን ልሳን ውጹዕ ህዝቢ ኮይና እተቃልሕ ዘካይድ ኣማኑኤል እያሱ ኣብ ልዕሊኡ ዝተሃቀነ መጠቃዕቲ ቐጠር ዲያ ፍሒሳቶ ወይ ኣሊማቶ?

ስርዓት ኢሰያስ እምበኣር ንስልጣኑ ክብል ዝገብሮ ሽበራዊ ስርሓት፡ ወዮ ደኣ ህዝብና ምስማዕ ኣብዩ እምበር፡ ሎሚ ዝጀመሮ ዘይኮነስ ከሎ ገና ብግስ ከይበለ ንመቓልስቱ እንዳበልዐን ንተጋደልትን መሪሕነትን ተጋድሎ ሓርነት ኤርትራ እናቐንጸለ፡ ዝመጸ ባእታ ኢዩ። እዚ ናይ ፈራሓት ስጉምቲ እዚ ነቲ ኣብ ዲያስፖራ ዘሎ ተቓዋሚ ሓይሊ ንምርዓድን፥ ንምሽቚራርን ዝፍጽሞ ዘሎ ምዃኑ ርዱእ እዩ።

እወ! ነዚ ከምዚ እኩይ ስራሓት ከካይድ ዝሕግዞ ምኽንያት ኣለዎ። እቲ ቀንዲ ምኽንያት ድማ እዚ ሓይሊ ተቓውሞ ጥርኑፍ ስለዘይኮነ፡ በብሓደ ስጉምቲ ምስ ዝወስድ ኩሉ ይርዕድን ይፈርህን ዝብል ሓሳብ ኢዩ። እቲ ቀንዲ ዕላማ ድማ ደጋፍን ተቓዋምን ኣብ ንሓድሕዱ ክተፋነንን ክተሃራረምን ሓድነት እቲ ህዝቢ ላሕሊሑ ምስምማዕ ክስእን ዝምህዞ ዘሎ ውጥን እዩ። እንተኾነ ኢሰያስ ኣይተረደኦን እምበር፡ ከምዚ ዝዓይነቱ ተግባራት ነቲ ደምበ ተቓውሞ መሊሱ ከም ዘደልድሎን ክጠራነፍን እዩ ዝገብሮ እምበር፡ ርዒዱን ፈሪሁንሲ ንመሰሉ ህይወቱ እውን ክሕልፍ ድሉው ምዃኑ ይዝንግዖ ኣሎ።

ደጊም ደምበ ተቓውሞ ነዚ “መለበምን ኣይግበርካ መለበምን ኣይኽላእካ” ዝበሃል ምስላ፡ እንቋዕ ደኣ ሞት ኮይኑ ኣይመጸ እምበር፡ ኣብ ልዕሊ ሓውና ተቓላሳይ ኣማኑኤል እያሱ ዝተፈጸመ መጥቃዕቲ፡ ኩሉ ደላይ ለውጢ ኤርትራዊ ንኽሓስብን፥ እንታይ ክገብር ከምዘለዎ ክበላሓትን ዘበራብርን ዝሕብርን እዩ። ሎሚ ኩሉ ፖለቲካዊ ሰልፍታት፡ ማሕበራትን፥ ምንቅስቓሳትን ናተይ ናትካ ምባል ገዲፉ ናይ ሓባርና ኢሉ ሓደ ንኹሉ ዝሓቊፍ ሰፊሕ ናይ ሓባር ጽላል ብዝቐልጠፈ ክምስረት ኣለዎ።