ኣብ ዝሓለፈ ወርሒ ጥቅምቲ ብወተሃደራዊ ዕልዋ ካብ ስልጣኑ ተኣልዩ ዝጸንሐ ቀዳማይ ሚኒስትር ሱዳን ዓብደላ ሓምዶክ ናብ ቦትኡ ክምለስ ምዃኑ ካብ ቢቢሲ ዝተረኽበ ዜና ሓቢሩ። ብመሰረት እቲ ኣብ ሞንጎ ሰራዊት፣ ስቪላዊ መራሕትን ኣባላት ዕጡቓት ጉጅለታትን ዝተበጽሐ ስምምዕ ኣብ ርእሲ ናይ ሓምዶክ ናብ ቦታኡ ምምላሱ ኩሎም እሱራት ፖለቲካ'ውን ክፍትሑ'ዮም።

ብሰንክቲ ኣብ ሱዳን ብ25 ጥቅምቲ 2021 ዝተኻየደ ወተሃደራዊ ዕልዋን ንዓኡ ተኸቲሉ ዝተኣወጀ ህጹጽ ኰነታትን ንሰሙናት ዝቐጸለ ሓያልን ቀጻልን ህዝባዊ ናዕቢ ተኻይዶ ኣብ ልዕሊቶም ዝተቓወሙ ብዝተኸፍተ ተኹሲ ሓያሎ ሰባት ከም ዝሞቱ ዝፍለጥ እዩ።

ሓላፊ ሰልፊ ኡማ ፋድለላህ ነዚ ብዝምልከት ኣብ ዝሃቦ መግለጺ፡ እቲ ስምምዕ ከም ዝተበጽሐ ጠቒሱ፡ እቲ ስምምዕ 21 ሕዳር 2021 ክፍረም ትጽቢት ከም ዘሎ ኣረጋጊጹ። ካብ ሙሁራት፣ ጋዜጠኛታትን ፖለቲከኛታትን ተዋጺኦም ነቲ ወተሃደራዊ ክፍልን ሲቪል ኣካላት፡ ዘዛተዩ ብወገኖም ንትሕዝቶ እቲ ስምምዕ ብዝምልከት መግለጺ ሂቦም። በቲ መግለጺኦም መሰረት፡ ቀዳማይ ሚኒስተር ዓብደላ ሓምዶክን ሚኒስተራቶም ካብ ማእሰርቲ ወጺኦም ናብቲ ዝነበርዎ ስልጣን ክምለሱን፡ እቲ ሱዳን ዝጀመረቶ ናብ ዲሞክራሲ ናይ ምስግጋር መስርሕ ክቕጽልን ዝብሉ ይርከብዎ።

ጀነራል ዓብደል ፈታሕ ኣልቡርሃን ነቲ ስቪላዊ መሰጋገሪ ምምሕዳር ብምፍራስ ላዕለዎት ሓለፍቲ  ምስ ኣሰረ፡ ነቲ ስጉምቲ "ዕልዋ" ኣይኮነን ብምባል፡ ኣብ ሞንጎ ስቪልን ሓይልታት ጸጥታን ጎነጽ ክልዓል ዝደፋፍኡ ፖለቲካዊ ጉጅለታት ስለ ዝነበሩ ነታ ሃገር ካብ ዘስግኣ ኲናት ሓድሕድ ንምክልኻል ዝወሰዶ ስጉምቲ ምንባሩ ኣምሲሉ ከቕርቦ ፈቲኑ እዩ። ብኣንጻርዚ ህዝቢ ሱዳን ኣብ ካርቱምን ካለኦት ከባብታትን እታ ሃገር ንስጉምቲ ጀነራል ኣልቡርሃን ብምንጻግ ኣብ ዘርኣይዎ ተቓውሞታት መስርሕ ምስግጋር ናብ ዲሞክራሲ ንድሕሪት ዝመልስዩ ብዝብል ናብ ንቡር ንክምለስ ክጽውዑ ጸኒሖም እዮም።

ማሕበረሰብ ዓለም ብወገኑ ነቲ ዕልዋን ኣዋጅ ህጹጽ ኰነታትን ብምንጻግ  ኩሎም እሱራት ፖለቲካ ክፍትሑን ኩነታት ናብ ንቡር ክምለስን ክሓትት ጸኒሑ እዩ። ካብዚ ሓሊፉ ሕብረት ኣፍሪቃ  ሰዳን ኩነታታ ናብ ንቡር ክሳብ ዝምለስ ኣባልነታ ኣብቲ ሕብረት ክድስክል ወሲኑ እዩ። መንግስቲ ኣሜሪካ ከኣ ንሱዳን ክትህቦ መዲባቶ ዝነበረት 700 ሚልዮን ዶላር ጠጠው ከም ዘበለቶ ክትገልጽ ጸንሓ እያ።

Saturday, 20 November 2021 22:51

Dimtsi Harnnet Sweden 20.11.2021

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NOVEMBER 9, 2021  ETHIOPIANEWSTIGRAY

“We are following the arrests of hundreds of Tigrayans in Addis Ababa,” Daniel Bekele, head of the state-appointed Ethiopian Human Rights Commission head, told Reuters

Source: Reuters

NEW YORK, Nov 9 (Reuters) – At lease nine United Nations staff and dependents have been detained in the Ethiopian capital Addis Ababa, a U.N. spokesperson said on Tuesday.

U.N. security officials have visited the detained staff and the United Nations has asked the Ethiopian foreign ministry to release them immediately, the U.N. spokesperson said in New York.

The year-long conflict in northern Ethiopia between the government and Tigrayan forces loyal to Tigray People’s Liberation Front (TPLF) has intensified in recent weeks. The TPLF and its allies have threatened to march on the capital.

Ethiopia declared a state of emergency on Nov 2. That proclamation permits the government to arbitrarily arrest, without a court order, anyone suspected of collaborating with a terrorist group. Parliament designated the TPLF as a terrorist group earlier this year.

Ethiopian government spokesperson Legesse Tulu and foreign affairs ministry spokesperson Dina Mufti did not immediately respond to requests for comment.

“We are following the arrests of hundreds of Tigrayans in Addis Ababa,” Daniel Bekele, head of the state-appointed Ethiopian Human Rights Commission head, told Reuters on Tuesday.

Addis Ababa police spokesperson said on Monday that the police are only arresting “followers” of the TPLF. “So this is not ethnically motivated at all.”

The U.S. State Department spokesperson said on Monday reports that people of Tigrayan ethnicity were being harrassed are concerning.

Thursday, 18 November 2021 22:16

Dimtsi Harnnet Kassel 18.11.2021

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ኤርትራ ብሰንኪ ግጉይ ዲፕሎማስያዊ ፖሊሲ ጉጅለ ህግደፍ፡  ንሓያሎ ዓመታት ካብ ዓለም ብተነጽሎ ካብ ዝተዋሕጣ ሃገራት ሓንቲ ኮይና ጸኒሓ። ኣብታ ሃገር ብዘይካተን እቲ ገዛኢ ጉጅለ ብዓይኑ  ዝቐጽዐን መንግስታዊ ሚድያታት ምስ ሕብረተሰብ ዓለም ዘራኽባ ዘመናዊ ማሕበራዊ መራኸብታት ኣይጸነሐን። ኣብ ርእሲ’ዚ ንናይ ወጻኢ ናይ ዜና ማዕከናትን ዘይመንግስታዊ ትካላትን እውን ዕጽዊቲ ኮይና እያ ጸኒሓ።  ካብቲ ናይ ማሕበራዊ ሚድያ ጽምዋ’ውን ኣይወጸትን። ድሕሪቲ ናይ 2018 ብዘይትካላውን ዘይግሉጽን ኣገባብ ምስ ኣብዪ ኣሕመድን ንሱ ዝመርሖ  ኢትዮጵያዊ ሰልፊ ብልጽግና ምዝማዳ ግና ኣብ ዝተፈላለዩ መድረኻት መዛረቢት ክትከውን በቒዓ። እቲ ኣዛራብነታ ግና ንህዝባ ናብ ሰላም፡ ዕቤትን ዲሞክራስን ዘሰጋግር ዘይኮነ፡ ነቲ ተጻዒንዋ ዝጸንሐ ሓጺናዊ ኣርዑት መግዛእቲ ህግደፍ  መሊሱ ዘትረረን ዘጋደደን ስለ ዝኾነ እዩ።

 እቲ ዝጸንሐ ዘየቕስን ኩነታት ኤርትራ ኣብ ቦታኡ ኮይኑ፡ ኣብዚ ቅንያት ከኣ ዝያዳ ኣጀንዳ ናይ ብዙሓት ክትከውን ዝድርኹ ተረኽቦታት ተጋሂዶም ኣለዉ። ካብቲ ተረኽቦታት፡ እቲ ሓደ ብሕቡራት መንግስታት ኣሜሪካ ዝተወሰና ናብ ትካላትን ላዕለዎት መራሕትን ናይቲ ንኤርትራ ዝገዝእ ዘሎ ጠላም ጉጅለ ዘቕነዐ እገዳ እዩ። እቲ ካለኣይ ከኣ ሕልፈተ-ህይወት ናይ ሓደ ካብቶም ኣእዳዎም ብደም ብዙሓት ኤርትራውያን ዝተሓጽቡ መራሕቲ ጸሓፊ ህግደፍ ዝነበረ፡ ኣቶ ኣልኣሚን መሓመድ ስዒድ እዩ።

ከምቲ “ወቓሲ ምዉት ኣይትግበረኒ”  ዝበሃል፡ ብዛዕባዚ ብ1966 ናብ ሰውራ ኤርትራ ተሰሊፉ ኣብ መበል 74 ዓመቱ ዝዓረፈ ናይ ኢሳያስ እሙን ባእታ ብዙሕ ዘዛርብ ኣይኮነን። ብዙሕ ዘየዛርበሉ ምኽንያት ከኣ ህዝቢ ኤርትራ ቀንዲ ጸገሙ ምስ ውልቀ-መራሕቲ ከም ሰባት ዘይኮነ፡ እቲ እኩይ ጸረ ህዝቢ ኣተሓሳባኦም ስለ ዝኾነ እዩ።  መዋቲ ክምረሓሉን ንህዝቢ ኤርትራ ደም ከንበዓሉን ዝጸንሐ ኣተሓሳባኡ ምስኡ ዝመውት ዘይኮነስ፡ ጌና ፈረስ ቀይሩ ኣብ ልዕሊ ህዝቢ ኤርትራ ዝጋልብ ስለ ዝኾነ፡ ብልሒ ቃልስና ዘጉድምን “ተመስገን እንኳዕ ናይ እገለ ዝበሃል መራሒ ሞት  ኣረኣኻና” ዘብልን ኣይኮነን። በዚ ይኹን በቲ ግና ኣብ ካልእ ምጽብጻብ ከይከድና፡ እዚ ኣብዚ ሰሙን ዝዓረፈ ጸሓፊ ህግደፍ  ነበር፡ ኣብዚ ቀረባ ግዜ ኣብ ልዕሊ ህዝቢ ኤርትራ ዝነበሮ ንዕቀትን ኣሽካዕላልን ብዘመልክት፡ “ኤርትራ ኣብ ዓለምና ሰብኣዊ መሰል ዝኽበረላን ሰላም ዝሰፈናን እንኮ ሃገር እያ። ቃልስናን ድሌትናን ኢትዮጵያ ከይትፈርስ ምሕላውን ህዝባዊ ወያነ ሓርነት ትግራይ (ህወሓት) ናብ ስልጣን ከይትመጽእ ምክልኻልን እዩ” ዝበሎ ከይጠቐስካዮ ዘይሕለፍ፡ ጉዳዩ ገዲፉ ናብ ደገ ዘማዕዱ ህላ እዩ። ኣልኣሚን መሓመድ ስዒድ ኣብ ሃገራዊ ቃልሲ ብዝነበሮ ግደ ኣብ ታሪኽ ክዝከር ኢዩ። ኣብ ድሕሪ ናጽነት ሓደ ካብቶም ንህዝቢ ኤርትራ ካብ ዝጠቐምዎ፡ ዝበደልዎ ዝበዝሕ ባእታታት ምንባሩ ከኣ ታሪኽ ብዘይ ምሕረት ክምዝግቦ ኢዩ።

ኣብ ልዕሊ ኣርባዕተ ትካላትን ክልተ ላዕለዎት ሓለፍትን ህግደፍ ብመንግስቲ ኣሜሪካ ዝተወሰነ እገዳ ኣዛራቢ ኮይኑ ኣሎ። ብኣብይ ዝምራሕ ፈደራላዊ መንግስቲ ኢትዮጵያ ብህግደፍ ይግበረሉ ንዘሎ ናይ ህልውና ውዕለት ንምኽፋል ብዝመልስ ቅድሚ ህግደፍ ብወጻኢ ጉዳይ ሚኒስትሩ ኣቢሉ ነቲ እገዳ ዝቃወም መግለጺ ምቕራቡ ነቲ ኣዛራብነት ዝያዳ ኣንሂርዎ። ጠንቂ ናይቲ እገዳ እቲ ዓመጸኛ ጉጅለ ኣብ ዕግርግር ኢትዮጵያ ኢዱ ኣእትዩ፡ ኣብ ትግራይ ዝተፈላለዩ ገበናት ምፍጻሙን ጌና ሎሚ እውን ኢደ-እግሩ ዘይኣከበ ምዃኑ እዩ። እዚ ኣብ ህውከት ኢትዮጵያ ኢዱ ኣእትዩ ዝፈጸሞ በደላት ኣብ ልዕሊኡ እገዳ ንክውሰን  ምኽንያት ኣይከውንን ዝብል እምነት የብልናን። እቲ ንነዊሕ ዓመታት ኣብ ልዕሊ ህዝቢ ኤርትራ ክፍጽሞ ዝጸንሐ፡ ብፍላይ ከኣ ብባይቶ ሰብኣዊ መሰል ሕቡራት ሃገራት ፍሉይ መርማሪ ኣካል ተመዚዝሉ ክፍጽሞ ዝጸንሐ ግህሰታት ብመርትዖታት ዝተሰነየ ክነሱ፡ ብኤርትራዊ ምኽንያት’ውን እገዳ ዘይምውሳዱ ግና ዘተዓዛዝብ እዩ። እገዳ ናይ ምውሳን ጉልበት ዘለዎም ሓያላት ቀዳምነት ዝህብዎ ኣብ ህዝቢ ዝፍጸም ዘቤታዊ ገበናት ዘይኮነ፡ ናታቶም ጠቕምታትን  ዞባዊ ልዕልናን ምዃኑ ከኣ የረድእ። እዚ ናባና ናብቶም ንለውጢ ንቃለስ ዘለና ኤርትራውያን ዘመሓላልፎ መልእኽቲ ከኣ፡ ጉዳይና ብኣናን ካባናን እንተዘይኮይኑ ንሕና ክንጽበን ክንዕዘብን ካልእ ዝዓመልና  ኣካል ዘየለ ምዃኑ እዩ። እዚ ኣብ እንግደዓና ዘሎ ካልእ ዘይስከመልና ዕዳ፡ በበይንኻ ኮይንካ ዘይኮነ፡ ዝተበተነ ሓይልኻ ጠርኒፍካ ጥራይ ዝዕመም ምዃኑ ከኣ ዘርእየና እዩ።

ኤርትራዊ ፖለቲካዊ ዋኒንና ኣብ ዓለም-ለኻዊ መድረኽ ሰማዒ እዝኒ ዘይምርካቡ፡ እቲ ጠንቂ ናብ ሓያላት መንግስታት ጥራይ ነላግቦ ዘይኮነ፡ እቲ ቀንዲ ናትና ሓቢርካ ዘይምስጓም ድኽመት ምዃኑ  ክንእመን ይግበኣና። ምእማን ጥራይ ዘይኮነ ካብ ዝደቀስናሉ ክንበራበር እዋኑ እዩ። ናይ ሓባር ጭረሖ ኣልዒልና ክነስና ኣብ ተግብር ግና ግዜ ንበልዕ ከም ዘለና ድማ ኣይንረስዕ። እዚ ሓድሽ እገዳ ኮነ እቲ ናይ ቅድም ኣስናኑ ዝወደአ  እገዳታት ናብ ህዝቢ ኤርትራ ዘይኮነ፡ ናብ ቁጠባዊ ትካላትን መራሕትን ናይቲ ገዛኢ ጉጅለ ዘቕነዐ ምዃኑ ንጹር እዩ። እቲ ጉጅለ ግና ነቲ ክርህዎ እንከሎ ኣብ ከመይ ኩነታት ይነብር ከም ዘሎ  እውን ዘይፈልጦ ህዝቢ ኤርትራ፡ “እዚ እገዳ ንዓኻ ንምጉዳእ ዝዓለመ እዩ እሞ ክተት” ክብሎ ካብ ምፍታን ዓዲ ኣይወዓለን። እዚ ዘይወድዓዊ ገልታዕታዕ ናይዚ ጉጅለ ናይ ገለ ግሩሃት ወገናት ሰማዒ ኣእዛን ኣይሰኣነን። እቲ  ጉጅለ በብዝሃንደሶ ግጉይ መንገዲ ዝውሕዙን ነቲ እገዳ “ናብ ህዝቢ ኤርትራ ዝዓለመ እዩ” ዝብሉን ኣካላት የለዉን ማለት ኣይኮነን። እዞም ወገናት ብውሕዱ ካብ ክልተ ኩርነዓት እዮም ዝነቕሉ።

እቲ ሓደ ህግደፍን ህዝብን ዝተፈላለዩ ኣካላት ክነሶም “ሓደ  እዮም” ዝብል ዝንቡዕ እምነት ከም ሓቂ ዝወሰዱ እዮም። እዚኣቶም ህዝብን ህግደፍን ከወዳድሩ እንከለዉ፡ ናይቲ ሓደ ጉድኣት ናይቲ ካልእ እውን ጉድኣትዩ ካብ ዝብል ግጉይ ሓሳብ ዝነቕሉ ግዳያት ናይቲ ጉጅለ እዮም። እቶም ካለኦት ከኣ ጠመተ ናይቲ እገዳ ናብ ህዝቢ ዘይኮነስ ናብ ህግደፍ ዝዐለመ ምዃኑ ዝርድኡን ኣብ መንጎ ህግደፍን ህዝቢ ኤርትራ ዘሎ ፍልልይ እንዳፈለጡን ኮነ ኢሎም ነቲ ጉጅለ ከድሕኑ ዝተዓጥቁ፡ ጽባሕ ምስ ወገሐ ህዝቢ ከም ዝሓቶም ዝዘንግዑ ናይቲ ጉጅለ መሳርሒ ክኾኑ ዝመረጹ እዮም። እንተ ህዝቢ ኤርትራ ካብ ነዊሕ ግዜ ጀሚሩ ብህግደፍ ኩለ-መዳያዊ እገዳ ዝተወሰኖ ኣብ ሕሰም ዝነብር ዘሎ እዩ። ካብዚ  ዘየናሕሲ ኢደ-እግሩ ኣሲርዎ ዘሎ ህግደፋዊ ዘቤታዊ እገዳ ንምንጋፍ እምበኣር ህዝቢ ኤርትራ፡ ምስ መሪሕ ውድባቱ፡ ሰልፍታቱን ህዝባዊ ምንቅስቓሳቱን ኮይኑ  ቃልሱ ካብ ምቕጻል ካልእ መተካእታ ከምዘየብሉ ካብ ምግንዛብን ግንዛበኡ ኣብ ተግባር ካብ ምውዓልን ካልእ ናይ ራህዋ መንገዲ ከምዘየብሉ ነዘኻኽሮ።

ላዕለዋይ ኮሚሽን ሰብኣዊ መሰል ሕቡራት ሃገራት፡ ማእሰርቲ ተጋሩ ኣብ ኢትዮጵያ ከም ዘተሓሳስቦ ምግላጹ፡ ቢቢሲ ሓቢሩ። ናይቲ ኮሚሽን ወሃቢት ቃል ሊዚ ትሮስል ነቲ ኣብ ኢትዮጵያ ዝተኣወጀ ህጹጽ ኩነታት ተኸቲሉ ኣብ ጐንደር፡ ኣዲስ ኣበባ፡ ባህርዳርን  ካለኦት ከባብታትን ፖሊስ ኢትዮጵያ ተጋሩ ይኣስር ከም ዘሎ ገሊጸን።

እተን ወሃቢት ቃል ብ16 ሕዳር 2021 ኣብ ጀነቫ ኣብ ዝሃብኦ መግለጺ፡ እቶም ዝእሰሩ ዘለዉ ምስ ህዝባዊ ወያነ ሓርነት ትግራይ (ህወሓት) ርክብ ዘለዎም ወይ ይድግፉ እዮም ዝተባህሉ ተጋሩ ምዃኖም ጠቒሰን። ምስዚ ብዝተተሓሓዘ ናይ ኢትዮጵያ ኮሚሽን ሰብኣዊ መሰል ኣብ ዝሓለፈ ሰሙን እቲ ማእሰርቲ ብሄር መሰረት ዝገበረ ብዝመስል ከም ዝተኻየደን ከም ዘተሓሳሰቦን ምግላጹ እቲ ዜና ኣዘኻኪሩ።

ኮሚሽን ፖሊስ ከተማ ኣዲስ ኣበባ ብወገኑ፡ ሰባት ኣብታ ከተማ ዝእሰሩ ዘለዉ፡ ማንነት መሰረት ብዝገበረ ከምዘይኮነ ገሊጹ። ናይቲ ኮሚሽን ወሃቢ ቃል ካብቶም ዝእሰሩ መብዛሕትኦም ተጋሩ ምዃኖም ኣረጋጊጹ፡ ካብ ካለኦት ብሄራት ኢትዮጵያ እውን ዝተኣሰሩ ከም ዘለዉ ሓቢሩ።

እተን ናይ ኮሚሽን ሰብኣዊ መሰል ሕቡራት ሃገራት ወሃቢት ቃል ኣብ መግለጺአን፡ ኣብ ዝሓለፈ ሰሙን ጥራይ ካብ ሓደ ሺሕ ንላዕሊ ሰባት ከም ዝተኣስሩ ዝሕብር ጸብጻብ ናብቲ ኮሚሽን ከም ዝቐረበ ጥቒሰን እቲ ኣሃዝ ካብኡ ንላዕሊ ከም ዝኸውን ጠቒሰን። ኣተሓሒዘን ከኣ እቶም  ሰባት ተኣሲረምሉ ዘለዉ ቦታ ደረጃኡ ዘይሓለወ መደበራት ፖሊስ ምዃኑ ኣስፊረን።

እተን ወሃቢት ቃል እቶም ዝተኣሰሩ ሰባት፡ ዝተኣስርሉ ምኽንያት ከምዘይንገሮምን ናብ ቤት ፍርዲ ከምዘይቀረቡን ዝገልጽ ኣታሓሳሳቢ ጸብጻብ ከም ዝቐረበን  ጠቒሰን። ኣተሓሒዘን ከኣ ናይቶም እሱራት መሰልን ድሕንነትን ክሕለው ሓቲተን። ብዘይካዚ 10 ሰራሕተኛታት ውድብ ሕቡራት ሃገራትን 34 ምስቲ ትካል ዝተወዓዓሉ መራሕቲ መካይንን ምእሳሮም እውን ኣዘኻኺረን፡ እዞም እሱራት ወይ ክፍትሑ ወይ ከኣ ናብ ሻራ ዘየብሉ ቤት ፍርዲ ክቐርቡ ጸዊዐን።

ሊዝ ትሮሰል  ኣብ ኢትዮጵያ ክትግበር ጀሚሩ ዘሎ ናይ ህጹጽ ግዜ ኣዋጅ፡ ንሰብኣዊ ሓለዋን ሰብኣዊ ኣቕርቦትን ከም ዝሓላልኾ ዘለወን ስግኣት ብምጥቃስ፡ ነቲ ኣዋጅ ንዘተግብሩ ኣካላት ሰባት ኣሲሮም ናይ ምሓዝን ምጽናሕን ዕድል ከም ዝህብ ሓቢረን።

ኣብ ኢትዮጵያ ኣዋጅ ህጹጽ ኩነታት ኣብ ግብሪ ምውዓሉ ዘኸትሎ ኣሉታዊ ሳዕቤንን ፍልልያት ምስፋሕን ዘኸትል ብምዃኑ ነቲ ኮሚሽን ከም ዘተሓሳስቦ እቲ ዜና ሓቢሩ። መንግስቲ ኢትዮጵያ ኣዋጅ ህጹጽ ኩነታት ዝኣወጀ ህወሓት ንወሎ ተቖጻጺሩ ንከተማ ኣዲስ ኣበባ ኣብ ሓደጋ ምስ ኣእተዋ ንምዕቃብ ሃገራዊ ልኡላውነት ብዝብል ምዃኑ እውን እተን ወሃቢት ቃል ጠቒሰን።

 

‫الرئيسية‬  مقالات  هل تنجح الجهود الإقليمية والدولية في إنقاذها؟ إثيوبيا على شفا حرب أهلية شاملة
مقالات - 15 نوفمبر 2021, 23:47

مداميك 15 نوفمبر 2021, 23:47

ما أن قالت الجبهة الشعبية لتحرير تغراي وحليفها جيش تحرير أروميا أنهما يقتربان من أديس أببا حتى أعلنت الحكومة الإثيوبية حالة الطوارئ في البلاد ودعت المسرحين من الجيش للعودة إلى الخدمة وناشدت المواطنين حمل السلاح للدفاع عن أنفسهم ونفذت حملة اعتقالات واسعة ضد المنتمين للتغراي في العاصمة. تسببت تصريحات المتمردين وإجراءات الحكومة ونداءاتها في حالة ذعر بين المواطنين والبعثات الدبلوماسية في العاصمة الإثيوبية وقد دعت العديد من الدول رعاياها إلى مغادرة إثيوبيا وعدم السفر إليها.
إلى أين تتجه إثيوبيا؟
تسارعت التطورات العسكرية في إثيوبيا منذ نهاية أكتوبر الماضي مع اقتراب الذكرى الأولى لبداية شن الحرب على إقليم تغراي في الرابع من نوفمبر 2020. أعلن جيش دفاع تغراي عن سيطرته على مدينتين تقعان في إقليم أمهرا وتبعد إحداهما 250 كيلومتر عن العاصمة أديس أببا. وفي 5 نوفمبر أعلنت 9 فصائل إثيوبية من واشنطن تشكيل تحالف هدفه إسقاط حكومة ابي أحمد.
بالنظر إلى سرعة تقدم قوات المعارضة صوب العاصمة يبدو أن وصول هذه القوات إلى هدفها مسألة وقت فقط ما لم يحدث تغير مفاجئ في موازيين القوة لصالح الجانب الحكومي أو يتوصل الطرفان إلى اتفاق وقف إطلاق نار.
زادت التطورات الأخيرة من اهتمام المجتمع الدولي بالصراع الإثيوبي فقد زار إثيوبيا مؤخراً كل من أبا سانغو مبعوث الاتحاد الإفريقي وجيفري فيلتمان مبعوث الولايات المتحدة وأجريا مباحثات مع المسؤولين في أديس أببا كما التقى أبا سانغو رئيس إقليم تغراي ورئيس الجبهة الشعبية لتحرير تغراي دبرصيون مكئيل في عاصمة إقليمه مقلي.
جاء أول مؤشر إيجابي على احتمال نجاح مهمة المبعوثين الإفريقي والأمريكي بقبول تسوية سياسية للنزاع من الناطق الرسمي باسم وزارة الخارجية الإثيوبية دينا مفتي الذي وضع 3 شروط للتفاوض مع الجبهة الشعبية لتحرير تغراي؛ أن توقف الجبهة هجماتها العسكرية، تنسحب من المناطق التي سيطرت عليها في إقليمي العفر والأمهرا وأن تعترف بشرعية حكومة ابي أحمد.
يعد موقف الحكومة الإثيوبية الأخير تطور مهم فقد سبق أن لها اعتبرت كل من الجبهة الشعبية لتحرير تغراي وحليفها جيش تحرير أورمو منظمة إرهابية بقرار صدر عن البرلمان السابق. وللجبهة الشعبية لتحرير تغراي أيضا شروط للتفاوض مع الحكومة أهمها فك الحصار على إقليم تغراي، فك ميزانية الإقليم وإطلاق سراح المعتقلين والتوقف عن استهداف المنتمين لإقليم تغراي. يمكن للوسطاء تقديم رؤية متوازنة تمكن الأطراف من الدخول في تفاوض سريع ومثمر
اتخذت وزارة الخزانة الأمريكية يوم 12 نوفمبر عقوبات بحق 4 كيانات إريترية هي جيش الدفاع الإريتري، الجبهة الشعبية للديمقراطية والعدالة وهي الحزب الحاكم والوحيد في إريتريا وشركتين تتبعان لهذا الحزب وضد فردين هما أبره كاسا مدير مكتب الأمن الوطني الإريتري وحقوس كشة مسؤول مالية الحزب الحاكم بسبب دور إريتريا في حرب تغراي.
الحكومة الإريترية ليست الطرف الوحيد الذي اُتهم بارتكاب انتهاكات خطيرة لحقوق الإنسان في إقليم تغراي لكن يبدو أن الحكومة الأمريكية تمارس ضغوطاً عليها حتى تمنعها من التدخل مجدداً لنجدة ابي احمد هذا من جانب ومن جانب آخر يبدو إنها تريد إيصال رسالة لأطراف النزاع في إثيوبيا بأنها ستفرض عقوبات مماثلة عليها إذا عرقلت التوصل إلى تسوية سياسية للصراع.
دخول الجبهة الشعبية لتحرير تغراي بمفردها أو مع حلفائها إلى العاصمة أديس أببا لا يعني أن بإمكان تلك الأطراف بناء حكومة مستقرة في البلاد فالظروف السياسية والعسكرية الحالية تختلف تماماً عن تلك التي كانت سائدة في 1991 عندما دخلت تلك الجبهة العاصمة أديس أببا مع حلفائها من الإثيوبيين والإرتريين، هذه المرة تسيطر قوات إريترية وقوات من الأمهرا على مناطق يعتبرها التغراي جزءاً من إقليمهم. لقد كانت حرب 1991 ضد جيش حكومي والآن تمتلك أي من قوميات البلاد جيش خاص بها وبعضها يناصب التغراي العداء بسبب مظالم وقعت عليه أثناء فترة حكمهم للبلاد وبين أغلب تلك القوميات نزاعات حول حدودها أقاليمها.
وفي الجانب الآخر هناك تنظيمات مسلحة ترفض برنامج ابي أحمد الذي يهدف إلى إلغاء الفيدرالية وبناء دولة مركزية ولبعض تلك الجماعات عدوات مع الأمهرا الذين يسيطرون على الحكومة الحالية وكانوا يهيمنون على البلاد لمئات السنين.
التسوية السلمية للنزاع في هذه المرحلة تخدم مصالح كل أطراف النزاع الداخلي الإثيوبي فانهيار الدولة الإثيوبية يعني حرب شاملة بين القوميات الإثيوبية حول الأرض والسلطة والهوية.
سينعكس انهيار الدولة الإثيوبية على استقرار منطقة القرن الإفريقي وما جاورها. فعلى سبيل المثال وليس الحصر؛ سيتضرر السودان أمنياً، اقتصادياً واجتماعياً. ستكون حدوده معبراً للاجئين، السلاح والإرهابيين وستتوقف تجارته الحدودية مع إثيوبيا. ستضرر جيبوتي التي لن تخسر فقط مليار دولاراً أمريكيا تحصل عليها سنوياً كرسوم عبور تجارة إثيوبيا مع العالم الخارجي، بل سيلحق بها ضرر أمني فقد تجد نفسها طرفاً في نزاع داخلي بين العفر والصوماليين وتكون عرضة لعبور إرهابيين محتملين لحدودها.
ستضرر إريتريا من انهيار الدولة الإثيوبية حيث هناك احتمال كبير في نشوب نزاع مسلح مع إقليم تغراي يمكن أن يؤدي باستقرارها كلياً. وسيكون جنوب السودان الذي يعيش وضعاً أمنياً وسياسياً هشا عرضة للكثير من القلاقل وموجات اللجوء. وستجد حركة الشباب الصومالي في انهيار الدولة الإثيوبية فرصة ليس فقط لإحكام قبضتها على الدولة الصومالية إنما أيضاً لمد نشاطها إلى الأراضي الإثيوبية والكينية. حتى مصر التي تبدو بعيدة عن آثار انهيار الدولة الإثيوبية يمكن أن تضرر من استغلال محتمل للأراضي الإثيوبية من قبل إرهابيين لشن هجمات ضدها. كما أن انهيار الدولة الإثيوبية سيعقد وضع سد النهضة ويجعل منه قنبلة في أيدي جماعات مسلحة. وسيكون لانهيار الدولة الإثيوبية تأثير سلبي على أمن التجارة الدولية عبر البحر الأحمر وعلى أمن المملكة العربية السعودية واليمن جراء تدفق موجات من اللاجئين إلى أراضيهما.
تبدو الولايات المتحدة والتي هي المتضرر الدولي الأكبر من انفجار الأوضاع في إثيوبيا، الأكثر قدرة على إيقاف انزلاق إثيوبيا إلى الفوضى إذا استخدمت بفعالية أدوات التأثير التي تمتلكها. المطلوب زيادة الضغوط على أطراف القتال للتوصل لوقف إطلاق نار في أسرع وقت ومنع التغراي وحلفائهم من التقدم تجاه العاصمة وإجبار الحكومة الإثيوبية على التعامل بواقعية مع تطور الأحداث والتوقف عن بث خطاب الكراهية بين مواطنيها والامتناع عن استهداف بعضهم على أساس عرقي والاستجابة سريعاً لدعوات التسوية السلمية للنزاع.

 

AFRICAERITREAETHIOPIAHORN OF AFRICA

The war that Prime Minister Abiy Ahmed and President Isaias Afwerki have been waging against Tigray for over a year has been fuelled by drones provided by Turkey, China and Iran. Arming by these states has been openly discussed – but not the airlift of the weapons themselves.
  • China has been reportedly provided Wing Loong drone to Addis.[1]
  • Turkey has supplied drones to Ethiopia after a visit to Ankara on 18 August 2021 by Prime Minister Abiy.[2]
  • In August 2021 it was reported that “Ethiopia has managed to secure a hasty contract with Iran for the delivery of a number of Mohajer-6 unmanned combat aerial vehicles (UCAVs).”[3]
  • Israel is apparently one of the outside powers that has refused to provide military drones to Ethiopia.[4]

The drone airlift

One of those who has tracked the flights bringing in the drones is a Tweeter who calls himself Gerjon_. @Gerjon

He has kindly supplied these statistics, which cover 114 flights since he began tracking the flights in August 2021. Flights prior to this date are not included.

“97 flights from the UAE (mainly Sweihan Air Base and Abu Dhabi International Airport).

9 flights from Iran (origin unknown). Besides this, I know of the following suspicious Ethiopian Airlines flights: 3 cargo flights by Ethiopian from Tekirdag Corlu in Turkey, 3 cargo flights from Abu Dhabi, 1 from Dalian, China (the one for which freight papers were leaked).

Finally, I know of 1 flight from Chengdu, China by Abakan Air (for Aviacon Zitotrans).”

The confidential newsletter, African Intelligence has this to add:

“In addition to the Turkish UAVs, Addis Ababa has also procured Chinese combat drones. At least three units of the Wing Loong model were delivered to the EAF in September from factories in Chengdu. This acquisition follows the purchase of Iranian – Mohajer 6 – and Emirati UAVs, the latter of which have been in service since late last year.”[5]

International reaction and an assessment of their impact on the war

Jeffrey Feltman U.S. Special Envoy for the Horn of Africa publicly complained about the Ethiopians launching a “a bombing campaign while using drones from questionable sources, including reportedly from U.S. adversaries.”[6] By this one can assume Feltman means Iran.

The United States is not alone in making these complaints. Egypt has taken up the issue, with Turkey.[7]

I am not a military expert, but an interesting assessment of the effectiveness of the drones has been provided by Sajid Nadeem.[8]

His conclusion:

“Ethiopia will take some time for its newly purchased combat drones to make a difference on the battlefield. Ethiopian Mig 23 bombers and Su-27 interceptors lack precision striking capability, and that is why the airstrikes so far could not prove to be a game-changer in this conflict.”

Ethiopia Tigray War: Why drones are not proving effective

NOVEMBER 14, 2021 BY SAJID NADEEM 

It is almost a year since the deadly war in Ethiopia began. The war entered a new phase in July 2021. While Tigray was still under siege from the Ethiopian government then, Tigray forces decided to enter Ethiopia’s Amhara and Afar regions. Since July 2021, the Ethiopian government has made large weapon purchases. Most experts agree that Ethiopia has bought combat drones from more than one country. Despite the purchase of these UAVs, Ethiopian Federal and Regional Forces have not been able to push Tigray forces out of Amhara and Afar region. Let us analyse the reason behind that.

Some credible social media accounts and websites that monitor cargo and other planes have disclosed that from July till November, dozens of suspicious cargo flights were seen between UAE, Turkey, Iran, Azerbaijan, China, and Ethiopia. Most of these flights were not registered in Ethiopian civil aviation records. It is being said that through these cargo flights, drones and other weapons were transported to Ethiopia from these countries. Several experts have confirmed the presence of Iranian Mohajer 6 and Chinese Wing Loong 1 drones in Ethiopia. In August 2021, Ethiopian state media shared pictures of Ethiopian Prime Minister Abiy Ahmad from Semera airport in the Afar region of Ethiopia. In the pictures, at least one drone GCS (Ground Control Station) was spotted in the background, which most experts said was of Mohajer 6 Iranian drones. Some sources talk about the presence of Turkish drones in Ethiopia, too though it lacks credible evidence. Why is the Iranian Mohajer 6 and Chinese Wing Loong 1 drones could not deliver?

Iranian Mohajer 6 drones are not as widely battle-tested as other combat drones like Turkish Tb-2 or Chinese Wing Loong 1 and 2, and their low ceiling flight makes them vulnerable to strikes from the ground. That is why we did not see any effective use of these drones in the Ethiopian conflict so far. Considering that Tigray forces are in possession of short-range anti-aircraft weapons like IGLA MANPAD and ZU 23-2 anti-aircraft guns, Iranian Mohajer 6 drones could not be used extensively by the Ethiopian air force.

Chinese Wing Long 1 drone was spotted flying over Mekelle city of Tigray a few days ago. But reportedly, Wing Loong 1 was being used for target locating and helping SU-27 fighters to hit the target. Does the Ethiopian government have guided munitions for these newly purchased Wing Loong 1 drones? Ethiopia has reportedly received a shipment of TL-2 guided munitions for mounting them on Wing Loong 1 drones. But the delivery arrived only last week. Before that, Chinese Wing Loong 1 was mainly used to help Ethiopian air force bombers locate a target. In the coming days, the Ethiopian air force could intensify its Wing Loong 1 for precision strikes.

Effective use of combat drones depends on several factors, including the quality of the drone itself in terms of precisely locating and hitting the target, skilled operators, and guided munitions. Ethiopia is a new operator of combat UAVs, and it is in the process of improving its drone use capabilities. Ethiopia will take some time for its newly purchased combat drones to make a difference on the battlefield. Ethiopian Mig 23 bombers and Su-27 interceptors lack precision striking capability, and that is why the airstrikes so far could not prove to be a game-changer in this conflict.


[1] https://www.oryxspioenkop.com/2021/10/wing-loong-is-over-ethiopia-chinese.html

[2] https://www.reuters.com/world/middle-east/turkey-expands-armed-drone-sales-ethiopia-morocco-sources-2021-10-14/

[3] https://www.oryxspioenkop.com/2021/08/iranian-mohajer-6-drones-spotted-in.html

[4] https://www.debka.com/israeli-diplomatic-families-leave-as-rebels-advance-on-addis-iran-gives-ethiopia-exploding-drones/

[5] Africa Intelligence, Addis set to deploy Turkish combat drones against Tigray rebels’ offensive, 15 November 2021

[6] https://www.state.gov/a-perspective-on-the-ethiopian-u-s-relationship-after-a-year-of-conflict/

[7] https://www.al-monitor.com/originals/2021/10/drone-sale-ethiopia-could-jeopardize-turkey-egypt-dialogue

[8] https://myviewsonnews.net/ethiopia-tigray-war-why-drones-are-not-proving-effective/

AFRICA, ERITREA, HORN OF AFRICA

Two reports on rape in Tigray are published today. One is by Amnesty International alleging rape by Tigrayan forces. The other, by Human Rights Watch, accuses all parties to the war of using rape but goes on to allege that the Ethiopian government is blocking aid to Tigray rape victims.

Both are carried in full below.

The allegations that Tigray Defence Forces raped Amhara women are very serious indeed. They need investigation.

But when contacted the Amnesty researcher was asked why the Tigray government (called the TPLF by Amnesty) had not been asked for their response, the researcher replied that he did not have their phone number.

It is a number any Nairobi journalist worth his or her salt could have provided.

Martin

Ethiopia: Blocking Tigray Aid Harms Rape Survivors

Source: Human Rights Watch

Urgently Allow Entry of Food, Medicine; Support International Investigations

  • · The Ethiopian government’s blocking of aid with health facilities in Ethiopia’s northern Tigray region destroyed is preventing sexual violence survivors from getting post-rape care.  
  • · The government’s effective siege of Tigray since June is doubly victimizing survivors by denying them critical medical and psychosocial – mental health – support. 
  • · The African Union, the UN, and international donors should support an international inquiry and press all parties to the Tigray conflict to halt abuses and allow rapid and unimpeded aid access. 
  • ·

(New York) – The Ethiopian government’s blocking of aid and essential services, with health facilities in Ethiopia’s northern Tigray region destroyed, is preventing survivors of sexual violence from obtaining essential post-rape care, Human Rights Watch said in a report released today.

Two women stand facing away from the camera

November 9, 2021

“I Always Remember That Day”

Access to Services for Survivors of Gender-Based Violence in Ethiopia’s Tigray Region

The 89-page report, “‘I Always Remember That Day’: Access to Services for Gender-Based Violence Survivors in Ethiopia’s Tigray Region,” documents the serious health impact, trauma, and stigma experienced by rape survivors ages 6 to 80 since the beginning of the armed conflict in Tigray in November 2020. Human Rights Watch highlighted the human cost of the Ethiopian government’s effective siege of the region, which has prevented an adequate and sustained response to survivors’ needs and the rehabilitation of the region’s shattered healthcare system.

“Warring parties in the first nine months of Tigray’s conflict committed widespread sexual violence while deliberately targeting healthcare facilities, leaving survivors and their communities reeling,” said Nisha Varia, women’s rights advocacy director at Human Rights Watch. “The government’s effective siege of Tigray since June is doubly victimizing survivors by denying them critical medical and psychosocial – mental health – support.”

The African Union, the United Nations, and international donors should press the Ethiopian government and all parties to the Tigray conflict, including the Tigray People’s Liberation Front (TPLF), to halt abuses, allow rapid and unimpeded access to aid throughout northern Ethiopia, and support international investigations into alleged abuses.

Human Rights Watch interviewed 28 health and aid workers, donors, and sexual violence survivors and witnesses. Human Rights Watch also reviewed 43 additional individual cases of sexual violence in Tigray, documented through anonymized medical and intake notes from service providers, and conducted telephone and written interviews with Tigray regional authorities. Human Rights Watch sent a summary of findings and requests for information to Ethiopian federal authorities, but did not receive replies.

The Tigray conflict has resulted in widespread reports of sexual violence in areas controlled by Ethiopian and Eritrean federal forces, and regional Amhara militias, including rape, gang rape, sexual slavery, and torture, often accompanied by killings of family members, beatings, and degrading, ethnic-based slurs. Tigrayan fighters have been implicated in rape, killings, and other abuses against Eritrean refugees in the region, and against Amhara civilians in the Amhara region.

Human Rights Watch found that the healthcare needs of sexual violence survivors have included termination of pregnancy, treatment for HIV and Hepatitis B, and care for broken bones, stab wounds, and traumatic fistula. Survivors also sought support for depression, anxiety, and post-traumatic stress.

“One day Ethiopian military men came to the hospital with a [teenage] girl,” said a doctor working in a hospital in an urban center. “We checked her and found that she was pregnant. She was one of the sex slaves in the Gereb Giba military camp [near Mekelle, the regional capital].”

The doctor said that she had hepatitis: “With her consent we terminated her pregnancy. Gave her anti-hepatitis drugs. After that quite a lot of women and girls were coming in, seeking medication, and to terminate their pregnancies, raped by conflict actors, mainly by Eritrean troops and Ethiopian forces.”

During the first nine months of the conflict, Ethiopian, Eritrean, and Amhara forces pillaged and destroyed health facilities in Tigray. This, along with the presence of soldiers at checkpoints on the roads and near or inside health facilities, prevented survivors, especially from outside urban areas, from getting treatment within the critical 72-hour window to prevent pregnancy and HIV. A humanitarian aid provider said that of the sexual violence cases handled by their agency, “more than 80 percent of victims and survivors didn’t present [themselves] within the 72-hour window.”

After Ethiopian authorities declared a unilateral ceasefire in late June, the government besieged the region, including blocking food, medicines, cash, and fuel, in violation of international humanitarian law, which has stymied the recovery of health services.

Two women stand facing away from the cameraA service provider supports a survivor of sexual violence in Tigray region, Ethiopia, February 27, 2021. © 2021 Eduardo Soteras/AFP via Getty Images

Aid agencies have been unable to establish and scale-up a response that meets international standards, Human Rights Watch said. Any expanded response will need to fill the massive gaps including the need for community-level outreach and support, creation of “safe spaces” for women and girls, availability of clinical management of rape, mental health, and psychosocial support services, and access to specialized care. All services should be accessible and take into account the particular requirements and circumstances of people with disabilities, men, older people, and children. Healthcare providers, who have treated and worked with distressing cases with little support amid enormous challenges, should also receive mental health support.

The scale of sexual violence against women and girls in Tigray, ongoing abuses, and harm against survivors by federal government actions, as well as sexual violence by Tigrayan forces against Amhara civilians in the Amhara region, point to the need for the UN Human Rights Council to establish an independent investigation into conflict-related abuses, including the obstruction of aid, Human Rights Watch said.

“One year since Tigray’s devastating conflict began, survivors of sexual violence – from gang rape to sexual slavery – remain in desperate need of health care and support services,” Varia said. “Not only have Tigrayan women and girls experienced horrific abuses, they are confronting shortages of food, medicine, and other desperately needed support to rebuild their lives.”

AMNESTY INTERNATIONAL 
PRESS RELEASE

Embargoed for release until 00:01 GMT (03:01 EAT) on 10 November 2021

Ethiopia: Survivors of TPLF attack in Amhara describe gang rape, looting and physical assaults

  • · Women raped at gunpoint, robbed and assaulted
  • · Lack of medical care after TPLF fighters damaged and looted hospital
  • · Abuses committed as Tigray conflict has spilled over into Amhara region

Sixteen women from the town of Nifas Mewcha in Ethiopia’s Amhara region told Amnesty International they were raped by fighters from the Tigray People’s Liberation Front (TPLF) during the group’s attack on the town in mid-August 2021.

Survivors described being raped at gunpoint, robbed, and subjected to physical and verbal assaults by TPLF fighters, who also destroyed and looted medical facilities in the town. Fourteen of the 16 women Amnesty International interviewed said they were gang raped.

The TPLF took control of Nifas Mewcha, in Amhara’s Gaint District, for nine days between 12 and 21 August 2021, as part of an ongoing offensive into parts of the Amhara and Afar regions. Regional government officials told Amnesty International that more than 70 women reported to authorities that they were raped in Nifas Mewcha during this period. 

“The testimonies we heard from survivors describe despicable acts by TPLF fighters that amount to war crimes, and potentially crimes against humanity. They defy morality or any iota of humanity,” said Agnès Callamard, Amnesty International’s Secretary General. 

“TPLF fighters must immediately stop all human rights abuses and violations of international humanitarian law, including sexual and gender-based violence. The leadership must make clear that such abuses will not be tolerated and remove suspected perpetrators from their ranks.”

Gang rape and physical assaults

Amnesty International used secure video call applications to individually interview 16 survivors of sexual and gender-based violence in Nifas Mewcha. 

The organization also interviewed the head of Nifas Mewcha hospital, as well as local and regional government officials with knowledge of the assault and its aftermath. 

According to a local government desk officer for Women, Children and Youth Affairs, 71 women reported that they were raped by TPLF fighters during the period in question; the Federal Ministry of Justice puts the number at 73.

Survivors told Amnesty International that the attacks began as soon as the TPLF took control of the town on 12 August 2021. The women all identified the perpetrators as TPLF fighters based on their accents and the ethnic slurs they used against victims, as well as their overt announcements that they were TPLF.

Bemnet, a 45-year-old Nifas Mewcha resident, told Amnesty International that four TPLF fighters came to her house on the evening of 14 August and demanded she make them coffee, before three of them gang raped her. She said: 

“I suspected their intentions, and I sent away my daughters to stay away from the house. [The soldiers] told me to bring them home. I told them they won’t come. Then they started to insult me. They were saying ‘Amhara is donkey’, ‘Amhara is useless’. One of them told the others to stop insulting me. He said, ‘she is our mother; we don’t have to harm her’. They forced him to leave the house and three of them stayed back at my home. Then they raped me in turns.”

Gebeyanesh, a 30-year-old food seller in the town, told Amnesty International:  

“It is not easy to tell you what they did to me. They raped me. Three of them raped me while my children were crying. My elder son is 10 and the other is nine years, they were crying when [the TPLF fighters] raped me. [The fighters] did whatever they wanted and left. They also assaulted me physically and took shiro and berbere [local food items]. They slapped me [and] kicked me. They were cocking their guns as if they are going to shoot me.”

Hamelmal, 28, sells enjera in the town. She told Amnesty International that four TPLF fighters raped her during the night of 13 August at her home, while her daughter watched:  

“I have children, 10- and two-year-old girls. I was scared they might kill my daughter. I said, ‘don’t kill my children, do whatever you want to me.’ The youngest was asleep, but the older [one] was awake and saw what happened. I don’t have the strength to tell you what she saw.”

Dehumanizing verbal assaults

TPLF fighters also subjected the women to degrading ethnic slurs, such as ‘donkey Amhara’, and ‘greedy Amhara’. In some cases, the TPLF forces told women they were raping them in revenge for the rape of Tigrayan women by Federal government forces. Amnesty International previously documented widespread rape and sexual violence by government-allied troops and militias in Tigray.

Hamelmal, who said she was raped by four TPLF fighters, told Amnesty International: 

“The one who raped me first is their superior. He was saying ‘Amhara is a donkey, Amhara has massacred our people (Tigrayans), the Federal Defense forces have raped my wife, now we can rape you as we want’.”

Meskerem, age 30, who told Amnesty International that three TPLF fighters raped her and beat her with the butts of their guns, said: 

“They were insulting me, calling me ‘donkey Amhara, you are strong, you can carry much more than this’. I was unconscious for more than an hour.”

Stealing from rape victims

Amnesty International heard that, after raping the women, TPLF fighters then looted their homes. Survivors, many of whom live hand-to-mouth by working in low-paid and informal jobs, running small businesses or engaging in sex work, described fighters stealing food, jewelry, cash and mobile phones. 

Meskerem, who sells kollo [a local cereal-based food], told Amnesty International that: “Four of the soldiers came to my restaurant and they ate and drank whatever was in the house. Then two of them raped me. They also took my ring and necklace.”  

Frehiwot said she was gang raped several times by TPLF fighters between 12 and 20 August, and that one fighter stole her phone and cash.  

Tigist said the TPLF fighters who raped her on 12 August also destroyed her shop items and took her jewelry:

“They took my property. After they drank the beer, they broke the beer bottles in four caskets. They also broke the two caskets of soft drink and took my gold necklace. They also took my beddings. Now I am not able to [run] my business as before since I lost all I had. I am only selling coffee… I am also a sex worker. But it has become difficult for me to trust anyone after what they did to me.”

Health impact 

Fifteen of the 16 rape survivors Amnesty International interviewed described suffering physical and mental health problems as a result of the attacks. They described a variety of symptoms including back pain, bloody urine, difficulty walking, anxiety and depression. 

While two of the women have sought basic private medical treatment since the rape, damage and looting to the town’s hospital and health station by the TPLF attack has meant that none of the survivors interviewed has been able to access comprehensive post-rape care, including emergency contraception, post emergency prophylaxis for HIV and sexually transmitted infections, assessment and treatment of injuries, or focused therapy for mental health care. An NGO that normally provides such services told Amnesty International that it cannot access the area due to security concerns prompted by the government’s hostile public statements about international humanitarian organizations.

Bemnet, who has a pre-existing medical condition as well as back pain and other symptoms as a result of the rape, said: “I am just relying on God to save me.”

Selamawit, a 20-year-old domestic worker, told Amnesty International that three TPLF fighters raped her on 12 August. She said she is now pregnant due to the rape, but wasn’t able to access any medical services.

Many of the survivors told Amnesty International that they have developed anxiety and depression since the rape.

Amhara regional government officials told Amnesty International that Nifas Mewcha residents, including 54 rape survivors, had received livelihood support since the attack. They also said they are preparing to restock medical equipment and other supplies to looted hospitals and facilities in the region, and to provide counselling and psychosocial services for the survivors. 

“The Ethiopian government must speed up efforts to fully support the survivors of sexual violence and the conflict’s other victims. As an urgent first step, it must facilitate immediate and unhindered humanitarian access to all areas of northern Ethiopia impacted by the conflict,” said Agnès Callamard.

“The government must also ensure allegations of all sexual violence are promptly, effectively, independently and impartially investigated. They must bring those suspected of criminal responsibility to justice in open, accessible civilian courts in full compliance with international standards for fair trial without recourse to the death penalty and reparations for the survivors.”

NOTE TO EDITORS: All the interviewees’ names have been changed to pseudonyms due to ongoing security concerns. 

Martin Plaut | November 10, 2021 at 8:03 am | Tags: Amnesty International, Human Rights Watch, Tigray rape | Categories: Africa, Eritrea, Horn of Africa | URL: https://wp.me/p1OD48-5hc

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